Abstract
The current work emphasizes green synthesis of nano-crystals of zinc oxide by treating zinc acetate dihydrate with aqueous leaf extract of Ocimum sanctum L. and study its effect on growth and metabolism of Solanum lycopersicum L. and Capsicum annuum L. vegetable crop plants. The presence of secondary metabolites in leaf extract, acting as a reducing agent for synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) was revealed by FT-IR spectral analysis. XRD-analysis was done to confirm the crystal nature of NPs. DLS particle size analyser was used to determine the size of zinc nano crystal and morphology was determined using SEM and TEM. Solanum lycopersicum L. and Capsicum annuum L. seedlings were treated with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) at concentrations of 0, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 250, and 500 mg/L in a sand culture medium. The biophysical and biochemical parameters estimation was done by reporting the effects of nano-treatments on both seedlings. Exposure of nano-treatments in a dose-dependent manner on both seedlings shows the remarkable increase in plant enzyme protection. In an attempt to determine the safe and effective concentration of ZnO NPs with the least impact, it was found that the morphological and physiological characteristics of the seedlings were improved with lower doses as compared to higher doses. ZnO NPs significantly improved seed germination and seedling growth of Solanum lycopersicum L. and Capsicum annuum L. by improving the metabolism of plants.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- FT-IR:
-
Fourier transform infrared
- DLS:
-
dynamic light scattering
- XRD:
-
X-ray diffraction
- SEM:
-
scanning electron microscope
- TEM:
-
transmission electron microscopy
- SA:V:
-
surface area/volume
References
Aebi H (1984) Catalase in vitro. Methods Enzymol 105:121–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(84)05016-3
Afzal S, Aftab T, Singh NK (2021) Impact of zinc oxide and iron oxide nanoparticles on uptake, translocation, and physiological effects in Oryza sativa L. J Plant Growth Regul 41:1445–1461. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-021-10388-1
Alabdallah NM, Alzahrani HS (2020) Impact of ZnO nanoparticles on growth of cowpea, and okra plants under salt stress condition. Biosci Biotechnol Res asia 17(2):329–340. https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2836
Alavi M, Rai M, Martinez F, Kahrizi D et al (2022) The efficiency of metal, metal oxide, and metalloid nanoparticles against cancer cells and bacterial pathogens: different mechanisms of action. Cell Mol Biomedical Rep 2(1):10–21. https://doi.org/10.55705/cmbr.2022.147090.1023
Aldon D, Mbengue M, Mazars C, Galaud JP (2018) Calcium signalling in plant biotic interactions. Int J Mol Sci 19(3):665. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19030665
Awan S, Shahzadi K, Javad S, Tariq A, Ahmad A, Ilyas S (2021) A preliminary study of influence of zinc oxide nanoparticles on growth parameters of Brassica oleracea var. italica. J Saudi Soc Agricultural Sci 20(1):18–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2020.10.003
Awasthi A, Bansal S, Jangir LK, Awasthi G, Awasthi KK, Awasthi K (2017) Effect of ZnO nanoparticles on germination of Triticum aestivum seeds, Macromol. Symp, 376, 1700043. https://doi.org/10.1002/masy.201700043
Azim Z, Singh NB, Khare S, Singh A, Amist N, Yadav RK, Hussain I (2022a) Potential role of biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles in counteracting lead toxicity in Solanum lycopersicum L. Plant Nano Biology 2:100012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plana.2022.100012
Azim Z, Singh NB, Khare S, Singh A, Amist N, Yadav RK (2022b) Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Vernonia cinerea leaf extract and evaluation as nano-nutrient on the growth and development of tomato seedling. Plant Nano Biology 2:100011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plana.2022.100011
Azim Z, Singh NB, Singh A, Amist N, Niharika Khare S, Yadav RK, Bano C, Yadav V (2023c) A review summarizing uptake, translocation and accumulation of nanoparticles within the plants: current status and future prospectus. J Plant Biochem Biotechnol 32(2):211–224
Aziz MK, Chauhan S, Azim Z, Bharati GK, Srivastava S (2022) The biosynthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles using watermelon rind extract and their biophysical effects on the germination of Vigna radiata seeds at various concentrations. Int J Sci Res Archive 07(02):245–254. https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2022.7.2.0271
Balafrej H, Bogusz D, Triqui ZEA, Guedira A, Bendaou N, Smouni A, Fahr M (2020) Zinc hyperaccumulation in plants: a review. Plants 9(5):562. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9050562
Beyer WF, Fridovich I (1987) Assaying for superoxide dismutase activity: some large consequences of minor changes in conditions. Anal Biochem 161(2):559–566. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(87)90489-1
Burman U, Saini M, Kumar P (2013) Effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on growth and antioxidant system of chickpea seedlings. Toxicol Environ Chem 95(4):605–612. https://doi.org/10.1080/02772248.2013.803796
Chaudhuri SK, Malodia L (2017) Biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using leaf extract of Calotropis gigantea: characterization and its evaluation on tree seedling growth in nursery stage. Appl Nanosci 7:501–512. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-017-0586-7
Cui D, Zhang P, Ma Y, He X, Li Y, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Zhang Z (2014) Effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles on Asparagus lettuce cultured in an agar medium. Environ Sci Nano 1:459–465. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4EN00025K
Darvishi E, Kahrizi D, Arkan E, Hosseinabadi S et al (2021) Preparation of bio-nano bandage from quince seed mucilage/ZnO nanoparticles and its application for the treatment of burn. J Mol Liq 339:116598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116598
Datir RB, Apparao BJ, Laware SL (2012) Application of amino acid chelated micronutrients for enhancing growth and productivity in Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) Plant Sci Feed 2(7):100–105
Faizan M, Hayat S, Pichtel J (2020) Effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on crop plants: A perspective analysis, Sustainable agriculture reviews book series, SARV Vol. 41, 83–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33996-8_4
Garcia-Lopez JI, Zavala-Garcia F, Olivares-Saenz E, Lira-Saldívar RH et al (2018) Zinc oxide nanoparticles boosts phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Capsicum annuum L. during germination. Agronomy 8:215. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8100215
Heath RL, Packer L (1968) Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplast. I. kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Arch Biochem Biophys 125(1):189–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(68)90654-1
Hedge JE, Hofreiter BT (1962) Estimation of carbohydrate, edited by R. L. Whistler and J. N. Be Miller, Methods in Carbohydrate Chemistry, Academic Press, New York, 17–22. https://doi.org/10.5897/JHF.9000044
Hoagland DR, Arnon DI (1950) The water culture methods for growing plants without soil. Calif. Agric. Exp. Stn. Circular Number 347 (Revised January 1950), College of Agriculture University of California, Berkeley, CA, 4–32. https://www.researchgate.net/file.PostFileLoader.html?id=54aefd7ed4c118b6358b45db&assetKey=AS%3A273668901408776%401442259158553
Hussain I, Singh NB, Singh A, Singh H, Singh SC, Yadav V (2017) Exogenous application of phytosynthesized nanoceria to alleviate ferulic acid stress in Solanum lycopersicum. Sci Hort 214:158–164
Jaworski E (1971) Nitrate reductase assay in intact plant tissue. Biochem Biophys Res Communication 43(6):1274–1279. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-291X(71)80010-4
Jhansi K, Jayarambabu N, Reddy KP, Reddy NM, Suvarna RP, Rao KV, Kumar VR, Rajendar V (2017) Biosynthesis of MgO nanoparticles using mushroom extract: effect on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seed germination. 3 Biotech 7:263. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-017-0894-3
Jing X, Sarker MMR, Gifari MAJ, Maruf MRA et al (2022) Improvement of lipid profile and hepatic oxidative stress in high-fat-diet induced hyperlipidemic Swiss albino rats by Piper betle juice: evidences from in vivo and in silico studies: Piper betle leaves juice improved hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress in rats. Cell Mol Biology 68(9):1–13
Keerthana P, Vijayakumar S, Vidhya E, Punitha VN, Nilavukkarasi M, Praseetha PK (2021) Biogenesis of ZnO nanoparticles for revolutionizing agriculture: a step towards anti-infection and growth promotion in plants. Industrial crop Prod 170:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113762
Kuppusamy P, Yusoff MM, Maniam GP, Govindan N (2016) Biosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles using plant derivatives and their new avenues in pharmacological applications – an updated report. Saudi Pharm J 24(4):473–484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2014.11
Lichtenthaler HK (1987) Chlorophyll and carotenoids: Pigments of photosynthetic bio-membranes, edited by L. Packer and R Douce, Methods in Enzymology, Academic Press, Sandiego, 350–382. https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(87)48036-1
Lowry OH, Rosenbrough RJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ (1951) Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 193:265–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(19)52451-6
Lutts S, Kinect JM, Bouharmont J (1996) NaCl induced senescence in leaves of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars differing in salinity resistence. Ann Botany 78:389–398. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00037793
Mahakham W, Sarmah AK, Maensiri S, Theerakulpisut P (2017) Nanopriming technology for enhancing germination and starch metabolism of aged rice seeds using phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles. Sci Rep 7(1):8263. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-08669-5
Marquez AP, Ramirez-Estrada CA, Gutierrez-Ruelas NJ, Sanchez E et al (2021) Efficiency of foliar application of zinc oxide nanoparticles versus zinc nitrate complexed with chitosan on nitrogen assimilation, photosynthetic activity, and production of green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L). Sci Hort 288:110297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110297
Munir T, Rizwan M, Kashif M, Shahazad A, Ali S, Amin N, Zahid R, Alam MFE, Imran M (2018) Effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the growth and zn uptake in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by seed priming method. Digest J Nanomater Biostruct 13(1):315–323
Neto ME, Britt DW, Lara LM, Cartwright A, Santos RF, Inoue TT, Batista MA (2020) Initial development of corn seedlings after seed priming with nanoscale synthetic zinc oxide agronomy. 10:307–317. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10020307
Olfati A, Kahrizi D, Balaky STJ, Sharifi R et al (2021) Green synthesis of nanoparticles using Calendula officinalis extract from silver sulfate and their antibacterial effects on Pectobacterium Caratovorum. Inorg Chem Commun 125:108439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2020.108439
Patel DK, Patel K, Dhanabal S (2012) Phytochemical standardization of Aloe vera extract by HPTLC techniques. J Acute Dis 1:47–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-6189(13)60011-6
Porras GJU, Fuente MCDL, Mendoza AB, Rangel AS, Gonzalez AZ, Cabrera RI, Ortíz HO (2021) Foliar application of zinc oxide nanoparticles and grafting improves the bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) productivity grown in NFT system. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 49(2):1–15. https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha49212327
Prasad NVKV, Sudhakar P, Sreenivasulu Y, Latha P, Munaswamy V, Reddy KR, Sreeprasad TS, Sajanlal PR, Pradeep T (2012) Effect of nanoscale zinc oxide nanoparticles on the germination, growth, yield of peanut. J Plant Nutr 35:905–927. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2012.663443
Raliya R, Nair R, Chavalmane S, Wang WN, Biswas P (2015) Mechanistic evaluation of translocation and physiological impact of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plant. Metallomics 7(12):1584–1594. https://doi.org/10.1039/x0xx00000x
Ratnikova TA, Podila R, Rao AM, Taylor AG (2015) Tomato seed coat permeability to selected carbon nanomaterials and enhancement of germination and seedling growth. Sci World J Article ID 419215:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/419215
Roychoudhury A, Singh A, Aftab T, Ghosal P, Banik N (2021) Seedling priming with sodium nitroprusside rescues Vigna radiata from salinity stress-induced oxidative damages. J Plant Growth Regul 40:2454–2464. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-021-10328-z
Ruíz-Torres C, Feriche-Linares R, Rodríguez-Ruíz M, Palma JM, Corpas FJ (2017) Arsenic–induced stress activates sulfur metabolism in diferent organs of garlic (Allium sativum L.) plants accompanied by a general decline of the NADPH—generating systems in roots. J Plant Physiol 211:27–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2016.12.010
Salama DM, Osman SA, Abd El-Aziz ME, Mohamed SA, Elwahed A, Shaaban EA (2019) Effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the growth, genomic DNA, production and the quality of common dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Bio-catalysis Agricultural Biotechnol 18:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101083
Sharma PK, Raghubanshi AS, Shah K (2020) Examining the uptake and bioaccumulation of molybdenum nanoparticles and their effect on antioxidant activities in growing rice seedlings. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28:13439–13453. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11511-7
Sharma D, Afzal S, Singh NK (2021) Nanopriming with phytosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles for promoting germination and starch metabolism in rice seeds. J Biotechnol 336:64–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.06.014
Siddiqi KS, Husen A (2017) Plant response to engineered metal oxide nanoparticles. Nanoscale Res Lett 12:92. https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-017-1861-y
Singh D, Chaudhuri PK (2018) A review on phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Holy basil (Ocimum sanctum L). Ind Crops Prod 118:367–382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.03.048
Singh NB, Amist N, Yadav K, Singh D, Pandey JK, Singh SC (2013) Zinc oxide nanoparticles as fertilizer for the germination, growth and metabolism of vegetable crops. J Nanoengineering Nanomanuf 3(4):353–364
Singh A, Singh NB, Hussain I, Singh H, Yadav V, Singh SC (2016) Green synthesis of nano zinc oxide and evaluation of its impact on germination and metabolic activity of Solanum lycopersicum. J Biotechnol 233:84–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.07.010
Singh A, Singh NB, Hussain I, Singh H (2017) Effect of biologically synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles on metabolism and antioxidant activity to the crop plants Solanum lycopersicum and Brassica oleracea var. botrytis. J Biotechnol 262:11–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.09.016
Singh A, Hussain I, Singh NB, Singh H (2019a) Uptake, translocation and impact of green synthesized nanoceria on growth and antioxidant enzymes activity of Solanum lycopersicum L. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 182:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109410
Singh J, Kumar S, Alok A, Upadhyay SK, Rawat M, Tsang DCW, Bolan N, Kim KH (2019b) The potential of green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles as nutrient source for plant growth. J Clean Prod 214:1061–1070. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.018
Sravanthi SV, Mohan KV, Periyasam L (2018) Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Ocimum sanctum leaf extract and its anti-cancer activity against breast cancer cell line. Int J Res Anal Reviews 5(4):221–228. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343787444
Sturikova H, Krystofova O, Huska D, Adam V (2018) Zinc, zinc nanoparticles and plants. J Hazard Mater 349:101–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.01.040
Tanha EY, Fallah S, Rostamnejadi A, Pokhrel LR (2020) Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) as a novel nanofertilizer: influence on seed yield and antioxidant defense system in soil grown soyabean (Glycine max cv. Kowsar). Sci Total Environ 738:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140240
Tapan-Adhikari T, Kundu S, Biswas AK, Tarafdar JC, Subba Rao A (2015) Characterization of zinc oxide nano particles and their effect on growth of maize (Zea mays L.) plant. J Plant Nutr 38(10):1505–1515. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2014.992536
Venkatachalam P, Priyanka N, Manikandan K, Ganeshbabu I, Indiraarulselvi P, Geetha N, Muralikrishma K, Bhattacharya RC, Tiwari M, Sahi SV (2017) Enhanced plant growth promoting role of phytomolecules coated zinc oxide nanoparticles with P supplementation in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L). Plant Physiol Biochem 110:118–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.09.004
Yadav RK, Singh NB, Singh A, Yadav V, Khare S, Azim Z (2022) Role of Bio-based Synthesized Nanozinc Oxide in ameliorating the deleterious effects caused by lead in Vigna radiata L. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 194(5):2005–2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-022-03801-2
Yalcinkaya T, Uzilday B, Ozgur R, Turkan I, Mano JI (2019) Lipid peroxidation-derived reactive carbonyl species (RCS): their interaction with ROS and cellular redox during environmental stresses. Environ Exp Bot 165:139–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2019.06.004
Zafar H, Ali A, Ali JS, Haq IU, Zia M (2016) Effect of ZnO nanoparticles on Brassica nigra seedlings and stem explants: growth dynamics and antioxidative response. Front Plant Sci 7:535. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.00535
Acknowledgements
Authors are thankful to Department of Botany, K. S. Saket P. G. College, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, India for providing necessary laboratory and germination facilities, Department of Chemistry, Dr. HariSingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India and Scientium Analyze Solutions, Jaipur, India for providing necessary spectral facilities.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Singh, N., Singh, M.K., Yadav, R.K. et al. Green synthesis and characterization of nano zinc oxide and comparative study of its impact on germination and metabolic activities of Solanum lycopersicum L. and Capsicum annuum L.. Vegetos (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42535-024-00838-y
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42535-024-00838-y