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Damage potential of root-knot nematode and mungbean yellow mosaic virus alone and together on the growth characteristics of mungbean plant

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Abstract

The mungbean, Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek, is one of the most significant grain legume crops grown in east, southeast, and south Asia. Several biotic and abiotic factors affect the growth of a plant. It is susceptible to various diseases and pests, including plant parasitic nematodes and mungbean yellow mosaic virus. Crops suffer severe yield losses due to these. We investigated the effects of the biotic stresses due to the root parasitic Meloidogyne incognita and the Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV), alone and in combined infections, on the growth parameters of mungbean plant. The root-knot nematode reduced plant growth, the decrease being more as the nematode inoculum level was increased from 1 to 4 J2 cm− 3 soil. The reduction was recorded in terms of shoot length upto 35.7%, root length (34.8%), shoot fresh weight (53.7%), dry weight (49.3%) and leaf surface area by 24.5% at the inoculation level of 4 J2 cm− 3 soil. The MYMV had relatively lesser effect on the and size and biomass of plant, compared to the nematode. It reduced shoot length by 10.3%, root-length (21.7%), shoot fresh weight (14.7%), dry weight (25.1%) at 4 J2 cm− 3 soil. The chlorophyll content was reduced more due to the virus (Chl.-a 49.6, Chl. -b 52.7%) while due to nematode at 4 J2 cm− 3 soil the reduction was Chl.-a 36.5 and Chl.-b 41.0%). Their combined infection caused upto 78.1% reduction in Chlorophyll content. The damage due to the virus was significantly more if plant root was also already infected with the root-knot nematode. With an increase in nematode inoculum level and in the presence of Mungbean yellow mosaic virus disease, the rate of reproduction of nematode was also reduced due to competition and diminished food resources due to viral infection on the foliage. There was a significant positive interaction effect between nematode infection and intensity of MYMV on foliage, rendering the plant more prone to viral infection. The yellow mosaic index increased from 2.8 in control to 3.7, 4.2 and 4.6 at 1, 2 and 4 J per cm3 soil, respectively. Thus, control of nematodes can not only reduce loss due to nematode but also partly offset the crop loss due to the Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Dr. Shalini Gaur Rudra of ICAR-IARI, New Delhi for her help in improvement of the manuscript, to Dr. Anil Sirohi of the Division of Nematology, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi for the starting culture of M. incognita, and to Division of Genetics, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi for seed of mungbean cv. Pusa Vishal. The authors are also grateful to the Sharda University, Greater Noida for the financial assistance for these investigations.

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  1. School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, 201306, Greater Noida, India

    Priyadarshini Srivastava

  2. School of Agriculture, Galgotias University, 203 301, Greater Noida, India

    Hari S. Gaur

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Srivastava, P., Gaur, H.S. Damage potential of root-knot nematode and mungbean yellow mosaic virus alone and together on the growth characteristics of mungbean plant. Vegetos (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42535-023-00758-3

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