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Phenolic Profile with Biological Activities Assessment of Ethanolic and Aqueous Extracts from Ephedra alata

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Abstract

Ephedra alata aerial parts are often used in Tunisian traditional medicine, especially patients with cancer. The current paper highlights, for the first time, the pro-apoptotic properties of its aqueous and ethanolic extracts on leukemic, colon and pancreatic cancers. Furthermore, their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities were evaluated. Both extracts phenolic profile’s was assessed by HPLC analysis. A total of eight and seven compounds respectively in ethanolic and aqueous extracts, were identified as tyrosol (31.86–50.17%) followed by catechin (9.26–10.52%) and syringic (6.94–17.06%), coumaric (10.20-13.56%) and para-hydroxybenzoic (5.67–13.48%) acids as main constituents. Caffeic acid was found only in the ethanolic extract (9.56%). The β-carotene bleaching test and ferric reducing power assay were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity. Both extracts displayed antioxidant potency. The strong antioxidant abilities (i.e. IC50 = 0.023 ± 0.003 mg/mL and EC50 = 0.157 mg/mL for β-carotene bleaching test and ferric reducing power assay, respectively) were recorded in aqueous extract. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by flow cytometry by following TNF-α production after lipopolysaccharide challenge of THP-1 cells. The results show that both extracts have the ability to inhibit significantly the TNF-α secretion. An effect more pronounced for the ethanolic extract. The pro-apoptotic potency of the extracts was estimated using viable and apoptotic markers assessed by flow cytometric. Here, both extracts, especially the ethanolic one, showed a noticeable stronger pro-apoptotic effect on all three tested human cancer cell lines (monocytic, colon and pancreatic carcinoma). Such promising anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties of both extracts are certainly related to their richness in tyrosol, catechin and various phenolic acids present in Ephedra alata aerial parts.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Environmental Pollutants and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir University, Monastir, Tunisia

    Amal Dbeibia, Abdelkarim Mahdhi, Ridha Mzoughi & Chédia Jabeur

  2. Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, UMR 7178 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401, Illkirch, France

    Fathi Emhemmed & Christian D. Muller

  3. Cell Biology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli, Libya

    Fathi Emhemmed

  4. Research unit of clinical and molecular biology (UR17ES29), Department of biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir University, Monastir, Tunisia

    Wael Bahia

  5. Biochemistry Laboratory, LR12ES05 “Nutrition-functional Foods and Vascular Health”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia

    Zahra Amri

  6. Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Team: Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue of Environment, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia

    Mansour Znati & Hichem Ben Jannet

  7. Pearl Biosystem SAS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401, Illkirch, France

    Christian D. Muller

  8. High Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia

    Chédia Jabeur

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  1. Amal Dbeibia
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Dbeibia, A., Emhemmed, F., Bahia, W. et al. Phenolic Profile with Biological Activities Assessment of Ethanolic and Aqueous Extracts from Ephedra alata. Chemistry Africa (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42250-024-00940-3

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