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Chlorothalonil Dissipation as Influenced by Growing Season and Cultivation Systems on Green Mustard and Soil

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Abstract

In this study, the dissipation pattern of the fungicide in green mustard and soil was studied through field trials experiments conducted under the net house and open field in wet and dry seasons. Field trial results were then compared with data collected from laboratory trials conducted under controlled conditions. Chlorothalonil residue showed 99.5–99.7% loss in the dry season while in the wet season the residue loss was 94.37–99.8% under the net house and open field, respectively. The half-life of chlorothalonil in the green mustard planted in the net house and open field were 1.03 and 0.86 days in the dry season, while in the wet season, it was 2.21 and 2.02 days. The terminal residue of chlorothalonil exceeded the Maximum Residue Limit of 0.01 mg kg−1, which violates the National Food Act 1983 and food safety regulation. This work is significant in the agriculture sector to provide a better insight into pesticides fate and establish the correct pre-harvest intervals for chlorothalonil on green mustard, thus reducing the pesticide toxicity effect among consumers.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank The Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia for financial support.

Funding

This work was supported by The Ministry of Higher Education through FRGS/ST01(02)/968/2013(09).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia

    Zainab Ngaini, Michelle Crystal Henry & Saba Farooq

  2. Chemsain Konsultant Sdn. Bhd., 172, Rock Road, 93200, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia

    Michelle Crystal Henry

  3. Department of Agriculture Sarawak, Agriculture Research Centre Semongok, Borneo Height Road, 93250, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia

    Lian-Kuet Chai

  4. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan

    Saba Farooq

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  1. Zainab Ngaini
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Ngaini, Z., Henry, M.C., Chai, LK. et al. Chlorothalonil Dissipation as Influenced by Growing Season and Cultivation Systems on Green Mustard and Soil. Chemistry Africa 5, 1127–1138 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42250-022-00384-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42250-022-00384-7

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