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Reducing gasoline engine emissions using novel bio-based oxygenates: a review

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Abstract

The rate of increase in greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere has already reached a critical point. Day by day, the number of vehicles on the road is increasing in a geometric progression, which has led to an increase in carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions from spark-ignition engines. In this review, the formation of engine emissions and their effects on environmental and human aspects are discussed in detail. This review clearly discusses how fuel properties affect engine performance and reduce emissions. This paper is a review of the use of various types of oxygenates with gasoline on engine emissions and the improvement of the performance of engine combustion by oxygen enhancement. The various oxygenates (methanol, ethanol, ethyl tert butyl ether, methyl tert butyl ether, butanol, dimethyl carbonate, dimethyl ether, and diisopropyl ether) are reviewd in this paper based on their production and the feasibility of adding them to fossil fuels. The study found that fuel volatility, oxygen percentage, and octane number are the desired properties to use as oxygenates in gasoline. Among different oxygenates, DIPE would be a suitable oxygenate additive to gasoline based on its blending properties, and performance, emission, and combustion behaviour of gasoline-DIPE blends.

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Data Availability

The datasets analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

CR:

Compression ratio

BSFC:

Brake specific fuel consumption

BTE:

Brake thermal efficiency

CO:

Carbon monoxide

CO2 :

Carbon dioxide

CR:

Compression ratio

EPA:

Environmental protection agency

GHG:

Greenhouse gas

VOC:

Volatile organic compound

H2O:

Water molecule

RVP:

Reid vapour pressure

SO2 :

Sulphur dioxide

HC:

Hydrocarbon

PAN:

Peroxyacyl nitrates

BMEP:

Brake mean effective pressure

MPFI:

Multi-point fuel injection

NO:

Nitric oxide

NOx:

Oxides of nitrogen

PAH:

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon

PM:

Particulate mass

SI:

Spark ignition

UG:

Unleaded gasoline

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  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Velammal Engineering College, Tamilnadu, Chennai, India

    Gopinath Dhamodaran & Ganapathy Sundaram Esakkimuthu

  2. Department of Automobile Engineering, Velammal Engineering College, Chennai, India

    Thennarasu Palani

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, St. Joseph’s College of Engineering, Chennai, India

    Arivazhagan Sundaraganesan

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Dhamodaran, G., Esakkimuthu, G.S., Palani, T. et al. Reducing gasoline engine emissions using novel bio-based oxygenates: a review. emergent mater. 6, 1393–1413 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42247-023-00470-7

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