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Upconversion Nanoparticle-Organic Dye Nanocomposites for Chemo- and Biosensing

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Abstract

The emerging nanocomposite of lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and organic dyes (ODs), which combines the advantages of each component, possesses a series of attractive properties, making the nanocomposite suitable for sensing. With the rising demand for chemo- and biosensing, a variety of sensors based on UCNP-OD nanocomposites have been developed for various analytes. The recent evolution of UCNP-OD-based sensors has enabled the detection of targeted analytes in situ, in vitro, and in vivo. In this review, beginning with a brief introduction to the fabrication and working principles of UCNP-OD-based sensors, we discuss UCNP-OD-based sensors for chemo- and biosensing. Concentrating on recent representative examples, we review UCNP-OD-based sensors for detecting different analytes, including ions, reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, gases, and biomolecules, by paying particular attentions to the design strategies and working principles. We lastly point out some remaining challenges and potential directions for the further development of UCNP-OD-based sensors.

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Fig. 1
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Fig. 4

(Reproduced with permission from Ref. [84]. Copyright 2020, Spring Nature). d Scheme of the spatial orientation of dye molecules on UCNPs. e Measured H2O2 concentrations in the ascites after NuTu-19 cells were inoculated. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. [90]. Copyright 2023, Wiley–VCH). f Luminescence response and color change (inset) of the sensor to ONOO–. g In vivo imaging of drug-induced ONOO–. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. [98]. Copyright 2017, Wiley–VCH)

Fig. 5

(Reproduced with permission from Ref. [107]. Copyright 2022, American Chemical Society). c Schematic illustration of the NO sensor and corresponding working principle. d Detection of NO gas on the test paper upon modulation of the intensity ratio. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. [114]. Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society). e Response of the cyanine dye to COCl2. f Absorbance spectra of the cyanine dye before and after the addition of COCl2 (left panel) and the response kinetics of the dye to COCl2 (right panel). (Reproduced with permission from Ref. [118]. Copyright 2020, Wiley–VCH)

Fig. 6

(Reproduced with permission from Ref. [31]. Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society). c Upconversion luminescence spectra of the DNAzyme-coupled sensor for detecting miRNA-21. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. [131]. Copyright 2023, Elsevier). d Schematic illustration of the glutathione sensor and sensing of glutathione through the target-modulated sensitization. e Upconversion luminescence enhancement factor of the sensor responding to glutathione. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. [140]. Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society)

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52072172 and 22105098) and Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20201366).

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  1. School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, China

    Mengchao Guo, Xiumei Chen, Ze Yuan, Min Lu & Xiaoji Xie

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  1. Mengchao Guo
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  2. Xiumei Chen
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  3. Ze Yuan
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Correspondence to Ze Yuan, Min Lu or Xiaoji Xie.

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Guo, M., Chen, X., Yuan, Z. et al. Upconversion Nanoparticle-Organic Dye Nanocomposites for Chemo- and Biosensing. J. Anal. Test. 7, 345–368 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41664-023-00273-z

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