Abstract
Quantum fluid (or hydrodynamic) models provide an attractive alternative for the modeling and simulation of the electron dynamics in nano-scale objects. Compared to more standard approaches, such as density functional theory or phase-space methods based on Wigner functions, fluid models require the solution of a small number of equations in ordinary space, implying a lesser computational cost. They are, therefore, well suited to study systems composed of a very large number of particles, such as large metallic nano-objects. They can be generalized to include the spin degrees of freedom, as well as semirelativistic effects such as the spin-orbit coupling. Here, we review the basic properties, advantages and limitations of quantum fluid models, and provide some examples of their applications.
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Notes
Parts of this section appeared earlier as a conference proceeding (Manfredi et al. 2018). They are reproduced here with permission.
Strictly speaking a pressure tensor should be defined in terms of the velocity fluctuations \(w_i w_j\), but this would unduly complicate the notation. Thus, we stick to the above definition of \(\varPi _{ij\alpha }\) while still using the term “pressure” for this quantity.
Parts of this section appeared earlier in Ref. Haas et al. (2009). Copyright (2009) by the American Physical Society.
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Manfredi, G., Hervieux, PA. & Hurst, J. Fluid descriptions of quantum plasmas. Rev. Mod. Plasma Phys. 5, 7 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41614-021-00056-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41614-021-00056-y