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Comparative evaluation of XCO2 concentration among climate types within India region using OCO-2 signatures

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Abstract

The XCO2 concentration across climate type remains largely unexplored. This paper examined carbon concentration across climate types in India using Level 2 data (378,050 sample points) of column-averaged CO2 concentrations (XCO2) that were collected from the orbiting carbon observatory (OCO-2) in September 2014 to August 2015. Temperate climate ranks first among climate types in terms of energy demand and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions due to continued intensive urbanization. However, urbanization in temperate climate was not the most important predictor of higher XCO2 concentration in India. On the contrary, the annual XCO2 mean concentration in tropical climate was higher than annual XCO2 mean concentration in temperate climate. In contrast to the typical theory, temperate climate were not a dominant determining factor upon dense XCO2 concentration. A clear verification has been made for the typical theory for CO2 concentration increased across global urbanization. The individual climate types are found to be more appropriate in explaining global CO2 concentration, rather than urban location. It was demonstrated that the climate types could be used effectively as an indicator to global CO2 concentrations since the OCO-2 signature of 378,050 sample points can present objective area-wide evidences as a basis for regional climate comparisons. It is anticipated that this research output could be used as a valuable reference to a strong theoretical basis to compare carbon concentrations across climate types.

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Notes

  1. China has 11 climate zones. Chile, which is expected to include various climate zones in the long territory from the north to the south, includes only eight climate zones [18]. Climate Zone Description: As/Aw (Tropical savanna climate), BSh (Steppe climate), BWh (Desert climate), Csa (Mediterranean climate), Cwa (Humid subtropical climate), Cwb (Subtropical highland climate).

  2. The retrieval algorithm is to derive estimates of the column-averaged atmospheric CO2 dry air mole fraction, XCO2, and other Level 2 data products from the returned spectra by the OCO-2. The ratio of the column abundances of CO2 to the column abundance of dry air is the main purpose of retrieval algorithm.

  3. TCCON is affiliated with the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change Infrared Working Group (NDACC-IRWG) and the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) programme. The Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) programme of WMO is a partnership involving the Members of WMO, contributing networks and collaborating organizations and bodies which provides reliable scientific data and information on the chemical composition of the atmosphere, its natural and anthropogenic change, and helps to improve the understanding of interactions between the atmosphere, the oceans and the biosphere. TCCON is a network of ground-based Fourier Transform Spectrometers recording direct solar spectra in the near-infrared spectral region. From these spectra, accurate and precise column-averaged abundance of CO2, CH4, N2O, HF, CO, H2O, and HDO are retrieved. TCCON provides an essential validation resource for the Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO), Sciamachy, and GOSAT.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by Kyungpook National University Bokhyeon Research Fund, 2015. We thank NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration, United States) for providing OCO-2 satellite data.

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  1. Department of Climate Change, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea

    YoungSeok Hwang

  2. Department of Geography, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea

    Jung-Sup Um

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Hwang, Y., Um, JS. Comparative evaluation of XCO2 concentration among climate types within India region using OCO-2 signatures. Spat. Inf. Res. 24, 679–688 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41324-016-0063-5

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