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Utilization of Zn–Al–Cl layered double hydroxide as an adsorbent for the removal of anionic dye Remazol Red 23 in aqueous solutions: kinetic, equilibrium, and thermodynamic studies

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Abstract

The Zn–Al–Cl Layered Double Hydroxide (Zn–Al–Cl LDH) was synthesized at constant pH by coprecipitation method and then used as an adsorbent for the removal of a reactive azo dye Remazol Red 23 (RR-23). The structural and morphological properties of the synthesized Zn–Al–Cl LDH were determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, Thermogravimetry Analysis, and Differential Thermal Analysis, and the determination of the point of zero charge pHpzc. The adsorption characteristics were studied by optimizing different parameters such as solution pH, contact time, and initial dye concentration. The maximum adsorption capacity was obtained in the pH ranging from 4 to 7. XRD and FTIR results of Zn–Al–Cl LDH before and after adsorption showed that the removal of the dye is due to its adsorption on the surface of the LDH and that there is no intercalation of the dye since no change in the basal spacing was observed. The kinetic data obtained were examined using the pseudo-first and pseudo-second-order equations. The equilibrium adsorption data were studied using the Freundlich and Langmuir models. The adsorption behavior of Zn–Al–Cl LDH fits perfectly the Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the RR-23 dye adsorption on Zn–Al–Cl LDH was exothermic and governed by a physisorption \((\Delta_{{{\text{ads}}}} H^{0} < 0)\), spontaneous \((\Delta_{{{\text{ads}}}} G^{0} < 0)\) and increased the randomness \((\Delta_{{{\text{ads}}}} S^{0} > 0)\) in the adsorbent/adsorbate system. The regeneration study was also conducted in three cycles with 98, 91, and 74% removal efficiency of RR-23.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Team Catalysis and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, BP 8106, 80060, Dakhla, Agadir, Morocco

    Naoual Tajat, Widad El Hayaoui, Nadia Bougdour, Abderrahim Idlahcen, Chaimae Radaa, Idriss Bakas, Malika Tamimi, Ali Assabbane & Samir Qourzal

  2. Laboratory REMTEX, ESITH, Route d’El Jadida, km 8, BP 7731, Oulfa, Casablanca, Morocco

    Omar Cherkaoui

  3. Centre Régional de Formation, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco

    Mohamed Badreddine

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  1. Naoual Tajat
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Tajat, N., El Hayaoui, W., Bougdour, N. et al. Utilization of Zn–Al–Cl layered double hydroxide as an adsorbent for the removal of anionic dye Remazol Red 23 in aqueous solutions: kinetic, equilibrium, and thermodynamic studies. Nanotechnol. Environ. Eng. 7, 343–357 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41204-022-00237-1

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