Skip to main content
Log in

Compensating wage differential and value of statistical life: a meta-analysis

  • Article
  • Published:
The Indian Journal of Labour Economics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The analysis of safety and health regulations often involves assigning a monetary value to the reduction of fatal risks to health. This is done based on how people are compensated for undertaking various risks. Compensating Wage Differential (CWD) for job risks is key when valuing fatality risks. The Value of Statistical Life (VSL) acts as the foundations when analysing the benefits of various risk reduction policies of the government. However, VSL estimates are observed to vary considerably across various studies. The source of this variability must be understood to guide present and future policy-making endeavours. This article presents a meta-analysis based on 34 observations from 30 VSL studies, which have used the hedonic wage method to estimate VSL. This meta-analysis suggests that the emerging areas, such as the effect of a worker’s age, compensation benefits and long-term, health-related job risks need to be explored further when estimating the VSL.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1

Source: Shanmugam and Madheswaran (2011)

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. A pragmatic’s blog about sustainability, economics and other interesting things.

References

  • Alberini, A., A Krupnick, M. Cropper, N.B. Simon and J. Cook (2001), “The Willingness To Pay for Mortality Risk Reductions: A Comparison of the United States and Canada”, Working Paper No. 92, FEEM Research Paper Series, FondazioneEni Enrico Mattei, Milan.

  • Aldy, J.E. and W.K. Viscusi (2004), “Age Variations in Workers’ Value of Statistical Life”, Discussion Paper No. 468, Harvard Law School, Cambridge.

  • Aldy, J.E. and W.K. Viscusi (2006), “Adjusting the Value of a Statistical Life for Age and Cohort Effects”, The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 90, No. 3, pp. 573–581.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aldy, J.E. and W.K. Viscusi (2007), “Age Differences in the Value of Statistical Life: Revealed Preference Evidence”, Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 24–260.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aldy, J.E. and W.K. Viscusi (2008), “Adjusting the value of a statistical life for age and cohort effects”, The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 90, No. 3, pp. 57–581.

    Google Scholar 

  • Banzhaf, S.H. (2014), “The Cold-War Origins of Value of a Statistical Life”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 28, pp. 213–226.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bellavance, F., G. Dionne and M. Lebeau (2009), “The Value of a Statistical Life: A Meta-Analysis with a mixed effects regression model”, Journal of Health Economics, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 444–464.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blomquist, G.C. (2004), “Self-Protection and Averting Behaviour, Values of Statistical Lives, and Benefit Cost Analysis of Environmental Policy”, Review of Economics of the Household, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 89–110.

  • Borjas, G.J. (2013), “Labour Economics”, 6th Edition, Harvard University, McGraw-Hill, New York. pp. 20–234.

  • Bowland, B.J. and J.C. Beghin (2001), “Robust estimates of value of a statistical life for developing economies”, Journal of Policy Modeling, Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 385–396.

  • Brannon, I. (2004-05), “What Is a Life Worth?”, U.S. Congress, Regulation Winter 2004–2005.

  • Costa, D.L. and M.E. Kahn (2004), “Changes in the Value of Life, 1940–1980”, The Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, Vol. 29, No. xx, pp. 159–180.

  • Council of Economic Advisers (2013), Economic Report of the President, Government Printing Office, Washington D.C.

  • India Labour Market Update (2017), International Labour Organization, Available on http://www.ilo.org/newdelhi/whatwedo/publications/WCMS_568701/lang--en/index.htm. Accessed 14 Mar 2018.

  • Kniesner, T.J., W.K. Viscusi and J.P. Ziliak (2014), “Willingness to accept equals willingness to pay for labour market estimates of the value of a statistical life”, The Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, Vol. 48, No. xx, pp. 187–205.

  • Krupnick, A. (2007), “Mortality-risk Valuation and Age: Stated Preference Evidence”, Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, Vol. 1, No. xx, pp. 261–282.

  • Liu, J.T., J.K. Hammitt and J.L. Liu (1997), “Estimated hedonic wage function and value of a statistical life in a developing country”, Economics Letters, Vol. 57, No. 3, pp. 353–358.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Madheswaran, S. (2004), “Measuring the Value of Life and Limb: Estimating Compensating Wage Differentials among Workers in Chennai and Mumbai”, Working Paper No. 9-04, South Asian Network for Development and Environmental Economics (SANDEE), Kathmandu.

  • Miller, T.R. (2000), “Variations between countries in values of statistical life”, Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 169–188.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mrozek, J.R. and L.O. Taylor (2002), “What determines the value of a statistical life? Ameta-analysis”, Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 253–270.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Penn World Table 7.1 (2012), University of Pennsylvania, Available on https://pwt.sas.upenn.edu/php_site/pwt71/pwt71_form.php. Accessed 23 Apr 2016.

  • Raudenbush, S. W. (1994). “Analyzing Effect Sizes: Random-Effects Models”. Part VI, H. Cooper & L. V. Hedges (Eds.), The handbook of research synthesis and meta-analysis. pp. 295–316. New York, NY: Russel Sage Foundation.

  • Sceptical Economist (2014), “The Economic Value of a Statistical Life”, Available on https://zielonygrzyb.wordpress.com/2014/07/11/the-economic-value-of-a-statistical-life/. Accessed 14 June 2015.

  • Schelling, T. C. (1968). “The life you save may be your own”. S. B. Chase, Jr. (Ed.), Problems in public expenditure analysis, pp. 127–162. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution.

  • Shanmugam, K.R. and S. Madheswaran (2011), “The Value of Statistical Life”, in A.K. Enamul Haque, M.N. Murty and Priya Shyamsundar (eds.), Environmental Valuation in South Asia, Cambridge University Press, pp. 412–437.

  • Shanmugam, K.R. (2013), “Value of Statistical Life”, Dissemination Paper-27, Centre of Excellence in Environmental Economics, Madras School of Economics, Chennai.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simon, N., M.A. Cropper, A. Alberini and S. Arora (1999), “Valuing Mortality Reductions in India: A Study of Compensating Wage Differentials”, World Bank Working Paper, World Bank, Washington D.C.

  • Viscusi, W.K. (2003), “Racial Differences in Labour Market Values of a Statistical Life”, Discussion Paper No. 418, Economics and Business Discussion Paper Series, Harvard Law School John M. Olin Center for Law.

  • Viscusi, W.K. (2011), “Policy Challenges of the Heterogeneity of the Value of Statistical Life”, Foundations and Trends® in Microeconomics, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 99–172.

  • Viscusi, W.K. and J.E. Aldy (2003), “The Value of a Statistical Life: A Critical Review of Market Estimates throughout the World”, The Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 5–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Viscusi, W.K. and J. Hersch (2001), “Cigarette Smokers as Job Risk Takers”, Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol.83, No. 2, pp. 26–280.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Agamoni Majumder.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Majumder, A., Madheswaran, S. Compensating wage differential and value of statistical life: a meta-analysis. Ind. J. Labour Econ. 60, 527–548 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41027-018-0102-y

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41027-018-0102-y

Keywords

Navigation