Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Strength and durability performance of concrete cast using permeable formwork liner

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Journal of Building Pathology and Rehabilitation Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The controlled permeable formwork (CPF) liner is a novel way to improving the quality of cover zone of concrete. This technique is used to remove excess water and trapped air from the near surface of fresh concrete while retaining small particles such as cement and other fine particles. As a result, the concrete’s surface zone has a lower water-to-cement ratio, lower surface porosity and more cement content. This study looked at the effect of CPF liner on concrete’s strength, durability and chemical resistance. Three different water-to-cement ratios (0.48, 0.41, and 0.31) were used to cast concrete samples against a CPF liner and an impermeable formwork (IMF). At various ages, the compressive strength, water absorption, sorptivity, hydrochloric acid and sulphate resistance tests were performed. The findings revealed that CPF concretes had an excellent resistance to water absorption and sorptivity by 15–30% and 32–67% respectively. The residual compressive strength of CPF concrete was more by 9–144% compared to IMF concretes under hydrochloric acid environment.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Kwasny J, Sonebi M, Plasse J, Amziane S (2015) Influence of rheology on the quality of surface finish of cement-based mortars. Constr Build Mater 89:102–109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Coutinho JS (2003) The combined benefits of CPF and RHA in improving the durability of concrete structure. Cem Concr Compos 25:51–59

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Basheer L, Nanukuttan SV, Basheer PAM (2008) The influence of reusing ‘Formtex’ controlled permeability formwork on strength and durability of concrete. Mater Struct 41:1363–1375

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Dey S, Kumar VV, Phani Manoj AV (2022) An experimental study on strength and durability characteristics of self-curing self-compacting concrete. Struct Concr. https://doi.org/10.1002/suco.202100446

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Dey S, Kumar VV, Goud KR, Basha SK (2021) State of art review on self-compacting concrete using mineral admixtures. J Build Pathol Rehabil 6(1):1–23

    Google Scholar 

  6. McCarthy MJ, Giannakou A, Jones MR (2001) Specifying concrete for chloride environments using controlled permeability formwork. Mater Struct 34:566–576

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Nolan E, Basheer PAM, Long AE (1995) Effects of three durability enhancing products on some physical properties of near surface concrete. Constr Build Mater 9:267–272

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Price WF (2000) Controlled permeability formwork, CIRIA Report, C 511

  9. Arslan M (2001) The effects of permeable formworks with sucker liners on the physical properties of concrete surfaces. Constr Build Mater 15:149–156

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Law DW, Molyneaux T, Aly T (2017) Long term performance of controlled permeability formwork. Aust J Civ Eng 15:117–125

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Liu J, Miao C, Chen C, Liu J, Cui G (2013) Effect and mechanism of controlled permeable formwork on concrete water adsorption. Constr Build Mater 39:129–133

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Price WF, Widdows SJ (1991) The effect of permeable formwork on the surface properties of concrete. Mag Concr Res 43:93–104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Brueckner R, Williamson SJ, Clark LA (2012) Rate of the thaumasite form of sulphate attack under laboratory conditions. Cem Concr Compos 34:365–369

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Chen C, Liu J, Cui G, Liu J (2012) Effect of controlled permeability formwork on the improvement of concrete performance. Procedia Eng 27:405–411

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Ye J, Yu L, Chen Y (2019) Study on the mitigative effect of controlled permeability formwork liner on early-age shrinkage of box-girder concrete. J Adv Mater Sci Eng 2019:1–8. Article ID 4150279

  16. McCarthy MJ, Giannakou A (2002) In-situ performance of CPF concrete in a coastal environment. Cem Concr Res 32:451–457

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Figueiras H, Nunes S, Sousa J, Figueiras J (2009) Combined effect of two sustainable technologies: self compacting concrete and controlled permeability formwork. Constr Build Mater 23:2518–2526

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Coutinho JS (2001) Effect of controlled permeability formwork (CPF) on white concrete. ACI Mater J 98:148–169

    Google Scholar 

  19. Adam AA, Law DW, Molyneaux T, Patnaikuni I, Aly T (2010) The effect of using controlled permeability formwork on the durability of concrete containing OPC and PFA. Aust J Civ Eng 6:1–12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. McKenna P (2010) The effect of controlled permeability formwork on carbonation-induced corrosion. In: 3rd FIB international congress, Scotland, pp 1–8

  21. Kothandaraman S, Kandasamy S (2016) The effect of controlled permeable formwork liner on the mechanical properties of concrete. Mater Struct 49:4737–4747

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Kothandaraman S, Kandasamy S, Sivaraman K (2016) Studies on the effect of controlled permeable formwork liner on the properties of self compacting concrete. Constr Build Mater 118:319–326

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Aissoun BM, Gallias JL, Khayat KH (2017) Influence of formwork material on transport properties of self-consolidating concrete near formed surfaces. Constr Build Mater 146:329–337

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Garg S, Nim KS, Bajpai KK, Misra S (2019) Enhancement in the quality of near surface concrete using some formwork liners. Constr Build Mater 207:722–733

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Guo BL, Wang BM, Han Y, Jiang R (2020) Improvement of concrete property with controlled permeability formwork. Rev Rom Mater 50(3):379–386

    Google Scholar 

  26. Megid WA, Khayat KH (2020) Variations in surface quality of self-consolidation and highly workable concretes with formwork material. Constr Build Mater 238. Article ID 117638

  27. Sørensen HE, Poulsen SL (2018) Effect of curing regime and controlled permeability formwork on early chloride penetration into fly ash concrete. In: High tech concrete: where technology and engineering meet. Springer, Cham

  28. Tahmoorian F, Nemati S, Soleimani A (2020) A state of the art on the structural performance of fabric formwork systems. Eng Solid Mech 8(1):49–62

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Kasai Y, Nagano M, Sato K, Suga K (1998) Study on the evaluation of concrete quality prepared with permeable forms and plywood forms. Trans Jpn Concr Inst 10:59–66

    Google Scholar 

  30. Schubel PJ, Warrior NA, Elliott KS, Jones M (2008) An investigation into the critical factors affecting the performance of composite controlled permeability formwork liners. Constr Build Mater 22:1551–1559

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Kothandaraman S, Kandasamy S (2017) The effect of controlled permeable formwork (CPF) liner on the surface quality of concrete. Cem Concr Compos 76:48–56

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. IS:8112: 2013 (2013) Specification for ordinary Portland cement—43 Grade. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi

  33. IS:383: 1970 (1970) Specification for coarse and fine aggregate from natural sources for concrete. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi

  34. IS:456: 2000 (2000) Plain and reinforced concrete, Code of Practice. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi

  35. IS:9103: 1999 (1999) Specification for concrete admixtures. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi

  36. ASTM B 276 (2000) Standard test method for apparent porosity in cemented carbides. American Society for Testing Materials

  37. IS:516: 1959 (1999) Methods of tests for strength of concrete. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi

  38. ASTM C 642: 1997 (1997) Standard test method for density, absorption and voids in hardened concrete. American Society for Testing Materials

  39. ASTM C 1585: 2004 (2004) Standard test method for measurement of rate of absorption of water by hydraulic cement concrete. American Society for Testing Materials

  40. ASTM C 617: 2003 (2003) Standard practice for capping cylindrical concrete specimen. American Society for Testing Materials

  41. Neville AM (1995) Properties of concrete, 4th edn. Noida, Pearson Education, p 488

    Google Scholar 

  42. Vidal EN, Blanks RF (1942) Absorptive form lining. J Am Concr Inst Proc 13(3):253–268

    Google Scholar 

  43. Peter JA, Chitharanjan N (1995) Evaluation of indigenous filter fabrics for use in controlled permeable formwork. Indian Concr J 69(4):215–219

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

None.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600062, India

    Selvaraj Kandasamy

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, Government College of Engineering, Dharmapuri, Tamil Nadu, India

    Mani Gowthaman & Palanisamy Gowdhamramkarthik

  3. Department of Civil Engineering, Mailam Engineering College, Viluppuram, Tamil Nadu, India

    Jagajeevanram Vengadesh Marshall Raman

  4. Department of Civil Engineering, Thiruvalluvar College of Engineering and Technology, Vandavasi, India

    Balakrishnan Magenthiran

Authors
  1. Selvaraj Kandasamy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mani Gowthaman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Palanisamy Gowdhamramkarthik
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jagajeevanram Vengadesh Marshall Raman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Balakrishnan Magenthiran
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Selvaraj Kandasamy.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interest.

Ethics approval and consent to participate

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Consent for Publication

Not applicable.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kandasamy, S., Gowthaman, M., Gowdhamramkarthik, P. et al. Strength and durability performance of concrete cast using permeable formwork liner. J Build Rehabil 7, 89 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41024-022-00231-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41024-022-00231-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation