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Research on the Influence of Water-Laser Coupling Cavity and Nozzle Structure on the Flow Characteristics of Water Beam Fiber

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Abstract

In the water jet-guided laser processing technology, the stability and impact characteristics of water jet have an important impact on the processing quality. In order to study the influence of the structure of the water-laser coupling cavity and the nozzle on the flow characteristics of water jet, the numerical models of the flow field in the water-laser coupling cavity and the water beam fiber are established, and the distribution characteristics of the velocity and turbulent kinetic energy are simulated and analyzed. The Taguchi method is used to build a simulation model with the nozzle cylinder length, the diffusion length and the diffusion angle as design variables, and the stable length and impact force of water beam fiber as the evaluation indexes. The nozzle structure parameters are optimized based on variance analysis and signal-to-noise ratio analysis. Finally, the simulation results are verified by experiments. The results show that when the channel distribution in the water-laser coupling cavity is 8 × 8 structure, the flow velocity and turbulent kinetic energy distribution in the flow field are more uniform, and the streamline concentration at the nozzle inlet is better. The stable length of the water fiber obtained by nozzle optimization is 4% higher than that before optimization, and the impact force of water jet increases by 16.9%. The error between the experimental and simulated values of the stable length and impact force are less than 4.9%, indicating that the numerical simulation results of the water beam fiber are reliable.

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Abbreviations

RANS:

Reynolds equation

LES:

Large eddy simulation

CLSVOF:

Coupled level set and volume of fluid method

k :

Turbulence kinetic energy (m2/s2)

ε :

Turbulent dissipation rate (m2/s3)

u :

Velocity vector

µ :

Dynamic viscosity (Pa s)

t :

Time (s)

ρ :

Density (kg/m3)

p :

The pressure on the fluid microelement (Pa)

ν w :

The kinematic viscosity of water (m2/s)

F I :

The impact force on the target plate (N)

F n :

The component force of FI in the vertical direction of the target plate (N)

ϕ :

The angle between the water jet and the target plate (°)

S A B :

The flow area of thin water chamber inlet (mm2)

L AB :

Thin water chamber inlet circumference (mm)

h :

Thin water chamber thickness (mm)

R :

Thin water chamber radius (mm)

ρ w :

Density of water (kg/m3)

u w :

The axial velocity of water jet (m/s)

Q w :

The flow rate of water (m3/s)

µ w :

The dynamic viscosity of water (Pa s)

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

SNR:

Signal–noise ratio

RMSE:

Root-mean-square error

NRMSE:

Normalized root-mean-square error

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Acknowledgements

This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51875328) and the National Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Grant No. ZR2019MEE013). The simulation of this study adopts ANSYS software (S/N: 308992).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, China

    Qian Liu, Yugang Zhao, Jianbing Meng, Guoyong Zhao, Li Li, Haian Zhou, Ke Wang, Guangxin Liu, Chen Cao & Zhilong Zheng

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  1. Qian Liu
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  2. Yugang Zhao
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  3. Jianbing Meng
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  4. Guoyong Zhao
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  5. Li Li
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  7. Ke Wang
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  8. Guangxin Liu
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  9. Chen Cao
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  10. Zhilong Zheng
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Correspondence to Yugang Zhao.

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Liu, Q., Zhao, Y., Meng, J. et al. Research on the Influence of Water-Laser Coupling Cavity and Nozzle Structure on the Flow Characteristics of Water Beam Fiber. Iran J Sci Technol Trans Mech Eng 47, 363–380 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40997-022-00524-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40997-022-00524-x

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