Skip to main content
Log in

Tabulating Carmichael numbers \(n = Pqr\) with small P

  • Research
  • Published:
Research in Number Theory Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We revisit the problem of tabulating Carmichael numbers. Carmichael numbers have been tabulated up to \(10^{21}\) using an algorithm of Pinch (Math Comp 61(203):381–391, 1993). In finding all Carmichael numbers with d prime factors, the strategy is to first construct pre-products P with \(d-2\) prime factors, then find primes q and r such that Pqr satisfies the Korselt condition. We follow the same general strategy, but propose an improvement that replaces an inner loop over all integers in a range with a loop over all divisors of an intermediate quantity. This gives an asymptotic improvement in the case where P is small and expands the number of cases that may be accounted as small. In head-to-head timings this new strategy is faster over all pre-products in a range, but is slower on prime pre-products. A hybrid approach is shown to improve even the case of prime pre-products.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Sharing

Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

Notes

  1. https://github.com/ashallue/tabulate_car.

References

  1. Beeger, N.G.W.H.: On composite numbers \(n\) for which \(a^{n-1}\equiv ({\rm mod}\, n)\) for every \(a\) prime to \(n\). Scripta Math. 16, 133–135 (1950)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  2. Carmichael, R.D.: Note on a new number theory function. Bull. Am. Math. Soc. 16(5), 232–238 (1910)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  3. Crandall, R., Pomerance, C.: Prime Numbers. A Computational Perspective, 2nd edn. Springer, New York (2005)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  4. Duparc, H.J.A.: On Carmichael numbers. Simon Stevin 29, 21–24 (1952)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  5. Granville, Andrew, Pomerance, Carl: Two contradictory conjectures concerning Carmichael numbers. Math. Comput. 71(238), 883–908 (2002)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  6. Heath-Brown, D.R.: Carmichael numbers with three prime factors. Hardy-Ramanujan J. 30, 6–12 (2007)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  7. Helfgott, H.A.: An improved sieve of Eratosthenes. Math. Comput. 89(321), 333–350 (2020)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  8. Pinch, R.G.E.: The Carmichael numbers up to \(10^{15}\). Math. Comput. 61(203), 381–391 (1993)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  9. Pinch, R.G.E.: The Carmichael numbers up to \(10^{16}\), (March, 1998). arXiv:math.NT/9803082

  10. Pinch, R.G.E.: The Carmichael numbers up to \(10^{17}\), April (2005). arXiv:math.NT/0504119

  11. Pinch, R.G.E.: The Carmichael numbers up to \(10^{18}\), (April, 2006). arXiv:math.NT/0604376

  12. Pinch, R.G.E.: The Carmichael numbers up to \(10^{21}\), (May, 2007). s369624816.websitehome.co.uk/rgep/p82.pdf

  13. Pomerance, C.: Carmichael numbers. Nieuw Arch. Wisk. (4) 11(3), 199–209 (1993)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  14. Sorenson, J.P.: Two compact incremental prime sieves. LMS J. Comput. Math. 18(1), 675–683 (2015)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jonathan Webster.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Shallue, A., Webster, J. Tabulating Carmichael numbers \(n = Pqr\) with small P. Res. number theory 8, 84 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40993-022-00384-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40993-022-00384-z

Keywords

Mathematics Subject Classification

Navigation