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Additive manufacturing in biomedical field: a critical review on fabrication method, materials used, applications, challenges, and future prospects

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Abstract

Application of additive manufacturing methods is escalating in numerous sectors including the medical field owing to its enhanced productivity, functionality, patient-specific fabrication, and affordability. Additive manufacturing is considered a digital manufacturing technique that is rapidly transforming the medical space in terms of printing distinctive body parts with complex shapes and proposing customized and tailored resolutions to individual patients. In previous times, Additive Manufacturing (AM) is employed as a flexible and profitable technique for fabricating geometrically intricate medical organs, dental implants, and bones. Though patient-specific implants for bone disease, injury, and organ replacement are still a significant challenge for medical practitioners and researchers. In spite of the broad studies which were concluded on the characteristics of AM materials, there is still a necessity for a vigorous understanding of application-specific needs, processes, challenges, and considerations related to these techniques. Thus, the aim of this study is to present a comprehensive review of the most general AM processes, types of materials employed in AM, and applications of various AM techniques in the biomedical field. This study also outlines current limitations and challenges, which inhibit medical sciences to completely benefiting from the advanced AM opportunities, comprising production volume, post-processing, standards compliance, product quality, materials range, and maintenance.

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This present study also discussed the existing challenges and future development of additive techniques for biomedical applications.

Abbreviations

3D:

Three dimensional

AM:

Additive manufacturing

BAG:

Bioactive glass

CAD:

Computer aided design

CCD:

Charge-coupled device

CT scan:

Computer technology scan

CVD:

Chemical vapor deposition

DMLS:

Direct metal laser sintering

EBM:

Electron beam melting

FDM:

Fused deposition modeling

FEA:

Finite element analysis

FEM:

Finite element method

FGM:

Functionally graded materials

FSAM:

Friction stir additive manufacturing

FSP:

Friction stir processing

FTIR:

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

HA:

Hydroxyapatite

HIP:

Hot Iso-static pressing

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

PCL:

Photocrosslinkable

PCL:

Polycaprolactone

PDLLA:

Poly (D, L-Lactic Acid)

PDO:

Polydioxanone

PE:

Pseudoelasticity

PEEK:

Poly-ether-ether-ketone

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol

PGA:

Poly (glycolic acid)

PLA:

Polylactide

PLGA:

Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid

PLLA:

Poly (L-lactide)

PMMA:

Poly (methylmethacrylate)

PPF:

Poly (Propylene Fumarate)

PRS:

Powder Recovery System

PU:

Polyurethane

PVD:

Physical Vapour Deposition

RGD:

Arginylglycylaspartic acid

SBF:

Simulated Body Fluid

SEM:

Scanning Electron Microscope

SFF:

Solid Freeform

SLA:

Stereolithography

SLM:

Selective Laser Melting

SLS:

Selective Laser Sintering

SMAs:

Shape Memory Alloys

SME:

Shape Memory Effect

SMMs:

Shape Memory Materials

SMPs:

Shape Memory Polymers

STL:

Standard Triangulation Language

TPU:

Thermoplastic Polyurethane

UHMWPE:

Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene

USP:

United States Pharmacopeia

µCT:

Microtomography

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India for providing the research grant under Indo-Japan Joint Bilateral Project (Project Code: DST/INT/JSPS/P-254/2017 ).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Laser Science and Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India

    Adil Wazeer

  2. Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics Department, IIEST, Shibpur, 711103, India

    Apurba Das

  3. Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, 713 340, India

    Arijit Sinha

  4. Dept. of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Japan

    Kazuaki Inaba

  5. Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan

    Su Ziyi

  6. Mechanical Engineering Department, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India

    Amit Karmakar

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Wazeer, A., Das, A., Sinha, A. et al. Additive manufacturing in biomedical field: a critical review on fabrication method, materials used, applications, challenges, and future prospects. Prog Addit Manuf 8, 857–889 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40964-022-00362-y

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