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Effects of Biomimetic Materials on Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth

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Abstract

Background

The stem cells isolated from human dental pulp have demonstrated enormous potential for the generation of dental hard tissues exhibiting morphological and functional characteristics similar to the normal one.

Objective

To evaluate biocompatibility and functional proliferative property (odontogenic/osteogenic) of three different materials exerting biomimetic mode of actions on stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) in vitro.

Materials and Methods

The pulp tissues of primary teeth close to exfoliation were extirpated followed by enzymatic digestion, and serial growth in suitable culture media till 5th linear passages as per ISCT (International Society of Cellular Therapy) protocols to derive SHED (stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth). The test materials, i.e., MTA (mineral trioxide aggregate), BD (Biodentine), and EMD (enamel matrix derivative), were evaluated against NC (negative control — untreated cells) and PC (positive control — cells maintained in osteoinduction medium). The proliferation and viability potential of test agents were analyzed by contacting them with cells for 7 days through MTT assay. The functional differentiation potential of test materials was analyzed by contacting them with cells for 5 days, followed by staining with alkaline phosphatase reagent. The results for inter-group comparisons were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by DSCW (Dwass-Steel-Critchlow-Fligner) pairwise comparisons. The intra-group comparisons were done using Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Results

After the 7th day, SHED displayed the highest cell viability with EMD (1.864 ± 0.272 OD) compared to Biodentine (1.684 ± 0.186 OD), while MTA and NC displayed similar and least cell viability (1.485 ± 0.04 OD). At the end of induction period, cells demonstrated variable functional differentiation activity, i.e., highest for PC (9.864 ± 1.289 OD units/mL), and then in decreasing order as EMD (9.104 ± 0.597 OD units/mL); BD (8.327 ± 4.562 OD units/mL); MTA (7.652 ± 0.071 OD units/mL), and least with NC (6.435 ± 1.504 OD units/mL). The inter-group comparisons demonstrated nonsignificant statistical differences (p > 0.05). Similarly, the intra-group comparisons also demonstrated nonsignificant statistical differences (p > 0.05) for both tests.

Conclusion

Among three tested materials, EMD has shown the highest cell viability and proliferation as well as osteoinduction/odonto-induction potential followed by BD and least with MTA. All the tested materials can provide favorable results in regenerative endodontic and various pulp therapies.

Lay Summary

In the present study, biomimetic materials were utilized which are used in the different arenas of conservative and regenerative endodontics to preserve pulp vitality of primary as well as permanent teeth. The stem cells isolated from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) due to their high plasticity, multipotency, and proliferation rate were used to than other stem cells. When contacted with MTA (mineral trioxide aggregate), BD (Biodentine), and EMD (enamel matrix derivative), these cells demonstrated the efficient generation of dental hard tissues exhibiting similar morphological and functional characteristics as that of the normal one.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, MIDSR Dental College and Hospital, Latur, Maharashtra, India

    Prasanna T. Dahake, Yogesh J. Kale, Mahesh V. Dadpe & Shrikant B. Kendre

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  1. Prasanna T. Dahake
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  2. Yogesh J. Kale
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  3. Mahesh V. Dadpe
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  4. Shrikant B. Kendre
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Prasanna T. Dahake.

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The study protocol of the present research experiment was approved by the institutional ethical committee (IEC) and carried out as per the IEC guidelines. This study does not contain any experiments with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Dahake, P.T., Kale, Y.J., Dadpe, M.V. et al. Effects of Biomimetic Materials on Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth. Regen. Eng. Transl. Med. 8, 571–578 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40883-022-00256-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40883-022-00256-z

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