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Morphological characterization and molecular diversity assessment of rust resistant genetic stocks of wheat

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Abstract

Wheat (Triticum spp.) is a global staple food crop, contributing significantly to the world's food security. Understanding and harnessing the genetic diversity within wheat cultivars is paramount for developing resilient and high-yielding varieties. The present study reports rust response of 31 registered rust resistant genetic stocks of wheat against recently identified and most virulent pathotypes of all three rust pathogens and their morphological and molecular diversity assessment. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed indicated significant differences among the genotypes for all the studied traits. Among 31 genetic stocks 30, 15, and 8 were found resistant against all the tested pathotypes of stem, leaf and stripe rust pathogens, respectively, whereas only two (FLW21 and FLW28) conferred resistance against all three rusts. Molecular profiling with 59 polymorphic SSRs resulted in 194 alleles with an average 3 alleles/loci. With an average of 0.54, the Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) varied from 0.34 to 0.75, reflecting higher allelic variation. The average gene diversity, heterozygosity, major allele frequency, and minor allele frequency were 0.61, 0.31, 0.48, and 0.52, respectively. Cluster analysis grouped 31 genetic stocks into 3 clusters. The AMOVA revealed that within population variation was higher than between them (76% vs. 24%). Clustering was  further supported by the structure and Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA). Structure analysis grouped the genetic stocks into three sub-populations. These findings will help in suggesting different cross combinations for wheat rust resistance breeding and pyramiding of multiple rust resistance genes.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to acknowledge the Director, ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana for extending infrastructure facility for carrying out the research work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Regional Station, Flowerdale, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India

    Sneha Adhikari, S. C. Bhardwaj, O. P. Gangwar, Pramod Prasad, Charu Lata & Subodh Kumar

  2. ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India

    Sneha Adhikari & Gulab Chand

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  1. Sneha Adhikari
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  2. S. C. Bhardwaj
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Contributions

Conception or design of the work (SA, SCB, OPG, PP, and CL), Data collection (SA, PP, SB), Data analysis and interpretation (SA, SCB, OPG, PP, CL, SB, and GC), Drafting the article (SA, SCB, OPG, PP, CL, and GC). All authors read and approved the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Sneha Adhikari or Pramod Prasad.

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Adhikari, S., Bhardwaj, S.C., Gangwar, O.P. et al. Morphological characterization and molecular diversity assessment of rust resistant genetic stocks of wheat. Trop. plant pathol. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40858-024-00650-8

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