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Apigenin Release from Chitosan/Gelatin Membranes Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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Abstract

Purpose

Apigenin is a widespread phytochemical with beneficial effects on osteoblastic differentiation. However, short half-life and unstable chemical structure restrict apigenin application in bone tissue engineering applications. Here, we investigated the impact of apigenin-loaded chitosan/gelatin (Api. Cs/Gel) membranes on the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSCs).

Methods

Api10. Cs/Gel and Api25. Cs/Gel membranes were fabricated using the solution casting method, followed by characterizing their physicochemical and biological properties. hADMSCs were isolated from healthy donors and characterized using flow cytometry. hADMSCs were seeded onto Api. Cs/Gel membranes and cultured under osteogenic differentiation for 7 and 21 days. The expression of osteogenic markers ALP, RUNX2, OCN, and COL1 was assessed using real-time PCR, and calcium mineralization was analyzed using the quantitative Alizarin red S staining.

Results

The Api. Cs/Gel membranes were successfully fabricated, and characterization data confirmed their structural uniformity, chemical homogeneity, cross-linking, and apigenin incorporation. Membranes exhibited favorable degradation, swelling ratio, and long-term apigenin release. The membranes were non-toxic and supported hADMSCs attachment, viability, and proliferation. The expression of ALP, RUNX2, OCN, and COL1 and cellular mineralization increased on day 21, and significant overexpression was observed in hADMSCs seeded onto Apigenin-loaded membranes.

Conclusion

Cs/Gel membranes provided an approving matrix for cellular interactions and apigenin inclusion, followed by a sustained release associated with enhanced osteogenic differentiation of hADMSCs and matrix mineralization.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to show our gratitude to the Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran, for sharing their facilities and equipment during this research.

Funding

This work was funded by the AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran [Grant no IR.AJAUMS.REC.1400.301].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

    Azam Bozorgi

  2. Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

    Azam Bozorgi, Mozafar Khazaei & Maryam Bozorgi

  3. Trauma Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Zahra Jamalpoor

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  1. Azam Bozorgi
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  2. Mozafar Khazaei
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  3. Maryam Bozorgi
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  4. Zahra Jamalpoor
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Contributions

AB: study design, experiment performance, manuscript writing, and editing. MK: technical supervision, manuscript editing. MB: experiment performance, statistical analysis, manuscript editing. ZJ: acquisition of funding; general supervision and administrative support, manuscript editing.

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Correspondence to Zahra Jamalpoor.

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The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Ethical Approval

This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, along with the guidelines of the Ethics Committee of AJA University of Medical Sciences (Ethics no. IR.AJAUMS.REC.1400.301).

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Before sample collection, informed consent was obtained from participants included in the study.

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Bozorgi, A., Khazaei, M., Bozorgi, M. et al. Apigenin Release from Chitosan/Gelatin Membranes Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. J. Med. Biol. Eng. 44, 1–11 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40846-023-00832-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40846-023-00832-w

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