Abstract
Although a great deal of studies focus on the design of flexible energy storage devices (ESDs), their mechanical behaviors under bending states are still not sufficiently investigated, and the understanding of the corresponding structural conversion therefore still lags behind. Here, we systematically and thoroughly investigated the mechanical behaviors of flexible all-in-one ESDs under bending deformation by the finite element method. The influences of thicknesses, Young’s moduli and Poisson’s ratios of electrodes and electrolyte were taken into account. Visualized and quantified results including displacement, strain energy, von Mises stress, and tensile, compressive, and interfacial shear stress are demonstrated and analyzed. Based on these results, significant conclusions are drawn for the design of flexible integrated ESDs with robust mechanical properties. This work will provide guidance for the design of ESDs with high flexibility.
摘要
近年来, 关于柔性储能器件设计的研究越来越多, 然而对其在弯曲状态下力学行为的研究还不够系统, 人们对于器件结构所带来的力学行为影响的认识也不够全面. 在本文中, 我们通过有限元模拟的方法系统全面的研究了柔性一体化储能器件在弯曲状态下的力学行为. 本文主要研究了电极和电解质的厚度, 模量以及泊松比对整个器件在弯曲状态下应变能以及应力应变分散的影响, 所得到的分析结果将为设计拥有更优异力学性能的一体化储能器件提供指导.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Li Y, Fu J, Zhong C, et al. Recent advances in flexible zinc-based rechargeable batteries. Adv Energy Mater, 2019, 9: 1802605
Lin Y, Gao Y, Fan Z. Printable fabrication of nanocoral-structured electrodes for high-performance flexible and planar supercapacitor with artistic design. Adv Mater, 2017, 29: 1701736
Xue Z, Song H, Rogers JA, et al. Mechanically-guided structural designs in stretchable inorganic electronics. Adv Mater, 2020, 32: 1902254
Li K, Zhang J. Recent advances in flexible supercapacitors based on carbon nanotubes and graphene. Sci China Mater, 2018, 61: 210–232
Wen L, Li F, Cheng HM. Carbon nanotubes and graphene for flexible electrochemical energy storage: from materials to devices. Adv Mater, 2016, 28: 4306–4337
Mao L, Meng Q, Ahmad A, et al. Mechanical analyses and structural design requirements for flexible energy storage devices. Adv Energy Mater, 2017, 7: 1700535
Lv T, Liu M, Zhu D, et al. Nanocarbon-based materials for flexible all-solid-state supercapacitors. Adv Mater, 2018, 30: 1705489
Yao L, Wu Q, Zhang P, et al. Scalable 2D hierarchical porous carbon nanosheets for flexible supercapacitors with ultrahigh energy density. Adv Mater, 2018, 30: 1706054
Li H, Zhang X, Zhao Z, et al. Flexible sodium-ion based energy storage devices: Recent progress and challenges. Energy Storage Mater, 2020, 26: 83–104
Xie K, Wei B. Materials and structures for stretchable energy storage and conversion devices. Adv Mater, 2014, 26: 3592–3617
Qi D, Liu Z, Liu Y, et al. Suspended wavy graphene microribbons for highly stretchable microsupercapacitors. Adv Mater, 2015, 27: 5559–5566
Liu J, Cao H, Jiang B, et al. Newborn 2D materials for flexible energy conversion and storage. Sci China Mater, 2016, 59: 459–474
Li H, Tang Z, Liu Z, et al. Evaluating flexibility and wearability of flexible energy storage devices. Joule, 2019, 3: 613–619
Simon P, Gogotsi Y. Materials for electrochemical capacitors. Nat Mater, 2008, 7: 845–854
Liu W, Song MS, Kong B, et al. Flexible and stretchable energy storage: recent advances and future perspectives. Adv Mater, 2017, 29: 1603436
Yao P, Yu J, Zhou J, et al. Engineering 3D electron and ion transport channels by constructing sandwiched holey quaternary metal oxide nanosheets for high-performance flexible energy storage. Sci China Mater, 2020, 63: 1719–1730
Yao M, Wang R, Zhao Z, et al. A flexible all-in-one lithium-sulfur battery. ACS Nano, 2018, 12: 12503–12511
Yang J, Yu X, Sun X, et al. Polyaniline-decorated supramolecular hydrogel with tough, fatigue-resistant, and self-healable performances for all-in-one flexible supercapacitors. ACS Appl Mater Inter, 2020, 12: 9736–9745
Guo T, Zhou D, Liu W, et al. Recent advances in all-in-one flexible supercapacitors. Sci China Mater, 2021, 64: 27–45
Wang X, Wang R, Zhao Z, et al. Controllable spatial engineering of flexible all-in-one graphene-based supercapacitors with various architectures. Energy Storage Mater, 2019, 23: 269–276
Berger JB, Wadley HNG, McMeeking RM. Mechanical metamaterials at the theoretical limit of isotropic elastic stiffness. Nature, 2017, 543: 533–537
Llorca J, González C, Molina-Aldareguía JM, et al. Multiscale modeling of composite materials: a roadmap towards virtual testing. Adv Mater, 2011, 23: 5130–5147
Fu H, Nan K, Bai W, et al. Morphable 3D mesostructures and microelectronic devices by multistable buckling mechanics. Nat Mater, 2018, 17: 268–276
Liu Q, Lomov SV, Gorbatikh L. When does nanotube grafting on fibers benefit the strength and toughness of composites? Compos Sci Tech, 2020, 188: 107989
Arregui-Mena JD, Worth RN, Hall G, et al. A review of finite element method models for nuclear graphite applications. Arch Computat Methods Eng, 2020, 27: 331–350
Zhu J, Wierzbicki T, Li W. A review of safety-focused mechanical modeling of commercial lithium-ion batteries. J Power Sources, 2018, 378: 153–168
Yuan Z, Wang K, Qiu J, et al. A numerical study on the mechanisms of Dyneema quasi-isotropic woven panels under ballistic impact. Compos Struct, 2020, 236: 111855
Zeng H, Yuan Z, Qiu J, et al. Finite element study on the influence of structural parameters on the ballistic performance of 3D networked fabrics. Appl Compos Mater, 2018, 25: 891–903
Koo M, Park KI, Lee SH, et al. Bendable inorganic thin-film battery for fully flexible electronic systems. Nano Lett, 2012, 12: 4810–4816
Gere J, Goodno B. Mechanics of Materials, Toronto: Cengage Learning, 2009
Li RZ, Peng R, Kihm KD, et al. High-rate in-plane micro-super-capacitors scribed onto photo paper using in situ femtolaser-reduced graphene oxide/Au nanoparticle microelectrodes. Energy Environ Sci, 2016, 9: 1458–1467
Lin J, Peng Z, Liu Y, et al. Laser-induced porous graphene films from commercial polymers. Nat Commun, 2014, 5: 5714
Kumagai S, Mukaiyachi K, Tashima D. Rate and cycle performances of supercapacitors with different electrode thickness using non-aqueous electrolyte. J Energy Storage, 2015, 3: 10–17
Tammela P, Olsson H, Strømme M, et al. The influence of electrode and separator thickness on the cell resistance of symmetric cellulose-polypyrrole-based electric energy storage devices. J Power Sources, 2014, 272: 468–475
Han M, Wang X, Chen C, et al. All-solid-state supercapacitors with superior compressive strength and volumetric capacitance. Energy Storage Mater, 2018, 13: 119–126
Qi L, Song LX, Zhao XF, et al. A facile preparation of flexible alumina/carbon composite nanofibers film. J Nano Res, 2015, 35: 115–127
Yao W, Wang J, Li H, et al. Flexible α-MnO2 paper formed by millimeter-long nanowires for supercapacitor electrodes. J Power Sources, 2014, 247: 824–830
Wei J, Wei G, Shang Y, et al. Dissolution-crystallization transition within a polymer hydrogel for a processable ultratough electrolyte. Adv Mater, 2019, 31: 1900248
Javaid A, Ho K, Bismarck A, et al. Carbon fibre-reinforced poly (ethylene glycol) diglycidylether based multifunctional structural supercapacitor composites for electrical energy storage applications. J Compos Mater, 2016, 50: 2155–2163
Xiong G, He P, Wang D, et al. Hierarchical Ni-Co hydroxide petals on mechanically robust graphene petal foam for high-energy asymmetric supercapacitors. Adv Funct Mater, 2016, 26: 5460–5470
Yu J, Zhang T, Xu L, et al. Synthesis and characterization of aramid fiber-reinforced polyimide/carbon black composites and their use in a supercapacitor. Chin J Chem, 2017, 35: 1586–1594
Cheng J, Chen S, Chen D, et al. Editable asymmetric all-solid-state supercapacitors based on high-strength, flexible, and programmable 2D-metal-organic framework/reduced graphene oxide self-assembled papers. J Mater Chem A, 2018, 6: 20254–20266
Di J, Hu D, Chen H, et al. Ultrastrong, foldable, and highly conductive carbon nanotube film. ACS Nano, 2012, 6: 5457–5464
Zhang J, Yu Y, Huang D. Good electrical and mechanical properties induced by the multilayer graphene oxide sheets incorporated to amorphous carbon films. Solid State Sci, 2010, 12: 1183–1187
Meng C, Liu C, Chen L, et al. Highly flexible and all-solid-state paperlike polymer supercapacitors. Nano Lett, 2010, 10: 4025–4031
Wang R, Wang QR, Yao MJ, et al. Flexible ultrathin all-solid-state supercapacitors. Rare Met, 2018, 37: 536–542
Shirshova N, Bismarck A, Carreyette S, et al. Structural super-capacitor electrolytes based on bicontinuous ionic liquid-epoxy resin systems. J Mater Chem A, 2013, 1: 15300–15309
Javaid A, Zafrullah MB, Khan FH, et al. Improving the multi-functionality of structural supercapacitors by interleaving graphene nanoplatelets between carbon fibers and solid polymer electrolyte. J Compos Mater, 2019, 53: 1401–1409
Park SI, Ahn JH, Feng X, et al. Theoretical and experimental studies of bending of inorganic electronic materials on plastic substrates. Adv Funct Mater, 2008, 18: 2673–2684
Yao YY, Zhao LP. The bending interface model for flexible three-dimensional microstructure. Appl Mech Mater, 2011, 58–60: 1082–1087
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51822205 and 21875121), the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2019YFA0705600 and 2017YFA0206701), the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin (18JCJQJC46300 and 19JCZDJC31900), the Ministry of Education of China (B12015) and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2019M650045). This work was carried out at the National Supercomputer Center in Tianjin, and the calculations were performed on TianHe-1(A).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Yuan Z developed the FE models, carried out the analyses, and wrote the original draft; Yao M helped to design the numerical experiments and carried out the modelling validation; Zhang N helped to design the numerical experiments; Wang S helped to modify the manuscript; Rui X helped to design the experiments; Zhang Q helped to supervise the analysis; Niu Z proposed the concept, provided funding, supervised the modelling analysis and edited the manuscript. All authors contributed to the general discussion.
Corresponding author
Additional information
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Zishun Yuan received his PhD in textile science and technology from the University of Manchester, UK (2017). He is currently a postdoctor in the School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology. His research covers finite element modelling of flexible energy storage devices.
Zhiqiang Niu is currently a Professor at the College of Chemistry, Nankai University. He received his PhD degree from the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2010. He worked as postdoctor in the School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (2010–2014). His research interests focus on the unconventional energy storage devices from nanocarbon-based electrode materials to device configurations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yuan, Z., Yao, M., Zhang, N. et al. Mechanical analysis of flexible integrated energy storage devices under bending by the finite element method. Sci. China Mater. 64, 2182–2192 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-020-1613-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-020-1613-4