Abstract
This article aims to classify the Einstein-type metrics on Kenmotsu and almost Kenmotsu manifolds. In Kenmotsu case, we find that it is T-Einstein. Also, if the manifold is complete and the scalar curvature remains invariant along the Reeb vector field, then either, it is isometric to the hyperbolic space \(\mathbb {H}^{2n+1}(1)\) or, the warped product \(\widetilde{M}\times _\gamma \mathbb {R}\), provided \(\zeta \psi \ne \psi \). Next, we investigate non-Kenmotsu \((\kappa ,\mu )'\)-almost Kenmotsu manifolds obeying the Einstein-type metrics and give some classification. Finally, we establish that if \((\psi ,g)\) is a non-trivial solution of Einstein-type metrics with smooth function \(\psi \) which is constant along the Reeb vector field on almost Kenmotsu 3-H-manifold, then either, it is locally isometric to the hyperbolic space \(\mathbb {H}^3(1)\) or, the Riemannian product \(\mathbb {H}^2(4)\times \mathbb {R}\). Finally, we construct several non-trivial examples to verify our main results.
Similar content being viewed by others
Availability of data and material
Not applicable.
Code availability
Not applicable.
References
Ambrozio, L.: On static three-manifolds with positive scalar curvature. J. Differ. Geom. 107(1), 1–45 (2017)
Baltazar, H.: On critical point equation of compact manifolds with zero radial Weyl curvature. Geom. Dedicata. 202(1), 337–355 (2017)
Barros, A., Diógenes, R., Ribeiro, E., Jr.: Bach-flat critical metrics of the volume functional on 4-dimensional manifolds with boundary. J. Geom. Anal. 25(4), 2698–2715 (2015)
Blair, D.E.: Riemannian Geometry of Contact and Sympletic Manifolds. Birkhauser, Boston (2002)
Blair, D.E., Yildrim, H.: On conformally flat almost contact metric manifolds. Mediterr. J. Math. 13, 2759–2770 (2016)
Blair, D.E., Koufogiorgos, T., Papantoniou, B.J.: Contact metric manifolds satisfying a nullity condition. Isr. J. Math. 91, 189–214 (1995)
Boucher, W., Gibbons, G., Horowitz, G.: Uniqueness theorem for anti-de Sitter spacetime. Phys. Rev. D 30(12), 2447–2451 (1984)
Catino, G., Mastrolia, P., Monticellia, D.D., Rigoli, M.: On the geometry of gradient Einstein-type manifolds. Pac. J. Math. 286, 39–67 (2017)
Chaubey, S.K., De, U.C., Suh, Y.J.: Kenmotsu manifolds satisfying the Fischer–Marsden equation. J. Korean Math. Soc. 58(3), 597–607 (2021)
Cho, J.T.: Reeb flow symmetry on almost contact three-manifolds. Differ. Geom. Appl. 35, 266–273 (2014)
Coutinho, F., Diógenes, R., Leandro, B., Ribeiro, E., Jr.: Static perfect fluid space-time on compact manifolds. Class. Quantum Gravity 37(1), 015003 (2019)
Dileo, G., Pastore, A.M.: Almost Kenmotsu manifolds and nullity distributions. J. Geom. 93, 46–61 (2009)
Hwang, S., Chang, J., Yun, G.: Nonexistence of multiple black holes in static space-times and weakly harmonic curvature. Gen. Rel. Gravit. 48(9), 120 (2016)
Janssens, D., Vanhecke, L.: Almost contact structures and curvature tensors. Kodai Math. J. 4, 1–27 (1981)
Kanai, M.: On a differential equation characterizing a Riemannian structure of a manifold. Tokyo J. Math. 6(1), 143–151 (1983)
Kenmotsu, K.: A class of almost contact Riemannian manifolds. Tohoku Math. J. 24, 93–103 (1972)
Kumara, H.A., Venkatesha, V., Naik, D.M.: Static perfect fluid space-time on almost Kenmotsu manifolds. J. Geom. Symmetry Phys. 61, 41–51 (2021)
Leandro, B.: Vanishing conditions on Weyl tensor for Einstein-type manifolds. Pac. J. Math. 314, 99–113 (2021)
Leandro, B., Solórzano, N.: Static perfect fluid spacetime with half conformally flat spatial factor. Manuscripta Math. 160, 51–63 (2019)
Masood-ul-Alam, A.K.M.: On spherical symmetry of static perfect fluid space-times and the positive mass theorem. Class. Quantum Gravity 4(3), 625–633 (1987)
Miao, P., Tam, L.F.: On the volume functional of compact manifolds with boundary with constant scalar curvature. Calc. Var. Partial Differ. Equ. 36(2), 141–171 (2009)
Miao, P., Tam, L.F.: Einstein and conformally flat critical metrics of the volume functional. Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 363(6), 2907–2937 (2011)
Milnor, J.: Curvature of left invariant metrics on Lie groups. Adv. Math. 21, 293–329 (1976)
Pastore, A.M., Saltarelli, V.: Generalized nullity distributions on almost Kenmotsu manifolds. Int. Electron. J. Geom. 4(2), 168–183 (2011)
Patra, D.S., Ghosh, A.: On Einstein-type contact metric manifolds. J. Geom. Phys. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomphys.2021.104342
Perrone, D.: Almost contact metric manifolds whose Reeb vector field is a harmonic section. Acta. Math. Hung. 138, 102–126 (2013)
Qing, J., Yuan, W.: A note on static spaces and related problems. J. Geom. Phys. 74, 18–27 (2013)
Saltarelli, V.: Three-dimensional almost Kenmotsu manifolds satisfying certain nullity conditions. Bull. Malays. Math. Sci. Soc. 38, 437–459 (2015)
Sasaki, S.: Almost Contact Manifolds, Part 3, Lecture Notes. Mathematical Institute, Tohoku University (1968)
Wang, Y.: A class of 3-dimensional almost Kenmotsu manifolds with harmonic curvature tensors. Open Math. 14, 977–985 (2016)
Wang, Y.: Conformally flat almost Kenmotsu 3-manifolds. Mediterr. J. Math. 14, 186 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00009-017-0984-9
Wang, Y., Liu, X.: On almost Kenmotsu manifolds satisfying some nullity distributions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. India Sect. A Phys. Sci. 86(3), 347–353 (2016)
Wang, Y., Wang, W.: An Einstein-like metric on almost Kenmotsu manifolds. Filomat 31(15), 4695–4705 (2017)
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank an anonymous referee and the Editor for reviewing the paper carefully and their valuable comments to improve the quality of the paper. The second author is thankful to the DST, New Delhi, India for the financial support (DST/INSPIRE Fellowship/2018/IF180830).
Funding
Not applicable.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Communicated by Pablo Mira.
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
De, U.C., Khatri, M. & Singh, J.P. Einstein-Type Metrics on Almost Kenmotsu Manifolds. Bull. Malays. Math. Sci. Soc. 46, 134 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40840-023-01534-x
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40840-023-01534-x