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Viewpoint: Tuning the Martensitic Transformation Mode in Shape Memory Ceramics via Mesostructure and Microstructure Design

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Abstract

The shape memory and superelastic effects are based on mechanically or thermally induced martensitic transformation. In bulk monolithic shape memory materials, these effects are characterized by a driving force threshold, such as a critical stress or a critical temperature, above which the transformation is completed within a relatively narrow window of stress or temperature. In this viewpoint article, we discuss the tuning of macroscopic martensitic transformation characteristics via mesostructure and microstructure design: with heterogeneous driving force and low nucleation barrier in meso-/micro-structured shape memory materials, especially shape memory ceramics, local transformation events can occur sequentially rather than simultaneously. This can lead to a globally continuous transformation mode without well-defined critical stress or temperature. Based on the insights from mechanics modeling and experimental evidence, we illustrate this effect in granular packings, metal matrix composites, and cellular architectures, and discuss how it may unlock new possibilities for applications involving actuation and energy dissipation.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) (No. CMMI-1853893). This work was performed in part at the Nanoscale Characterization and Fabrication Laboratory, which is supported by the Virginia Tech National Center for Earth and Environmental Nanotechnology Infrastructure (NanoEarth), a member of the National Nanotechnology Coordinated Infrastructure (NNCI), supported by NSF (ECCS 1542100 and ECCS 2025151).

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  1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA

    Donald J. Erb, Hunter A. Rauch, Kendall P. Knight & Hang Z. Yu

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Correspondence to Hang Z. Yu.

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This article is an invited submission to Shape Memory and Superelasticity selected from presentations at the Shape Memory and Superelastic Technology Conference and Exposition (SMST2022) held May 16–20, 2022 at The Westin Carlsbad Resort, San Diego, California and has been expanded from the original presentation. The issue was organized by Dr. Srinidhi Nagaraja, G.RAU, Inc. and Dr. Ashley Bucsek, University of Michigan.

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Erb, D.J., Rauch, H.A., Knight, K.P. et al. Viewpoint: Tuning the Martensitic Transformation Mode in Shape Memory Ceramics via Mesostructure and Microstructure Design. Shap. Mem. Superelasticity 9, 116–126 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40830-023-00430-4

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