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Principal component analysis-assisted screening and selection of salt-tolerant tomato genotypes

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Abstract

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) has been classified as a moderately salinity tolerant vegetable crop. Screening germplasm for salinity-tolerant is one of the critical steps in tomato breeding programs. In the present study, levels of salt tolerance for eleven tomato genotypes (TG1 to TG11) were assessed at the seedling stage under laboratory conditions and the vegetative stage under field conditions. Salt stress was imposed by watering with 150 mM NaCl. Twenty morphological and physio-biochemical traits were measured and analyzed using multivariate analysis [Pearson’s correlation analysis and Principal component analysis (PCA)] to discern salt sensitivity from tolerant genotypes. The PCA-I was applied for nineteen variables and the PCA-II was performed only with fourteen variables. The effects of salt exposure on morpho-physiological parameters (dry weight, relative water content and chlorophyll stability index) are the main contributors to differential salt tolerance in tomato genotypes. The first and second axes of the PCA analyses classified the genotypes TG7 & TG8 as salt tolerant and TG9 & TG10 as salt sensitive under laboratory (at the seedling stage) and field conditions (at the vegetative stage). Our data additionally demonstrates that the salt tolerance identified at the seedling stage was also discerned as such when grown and analyzed at the vegetative stage. The two groups of genotypes identified as having a contrasting levels of salt tolerance may be used as parents in future tomato breeding programs. This study furthermore authenticates the practical application of PCA analysis to distinguish the variability in tomato genotypes and its possible application to other crops for screening salt tolerance.

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Acknowledgements

We express sincere thanks to Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), R&D organization (Sanction letter No. 38(1329)/12/EMR-II, dated 03-04-2012), India for the financial support.

Funding

This work supported by start-up-grant as financial support from Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), R&D organization (Sanction letter No. 38 (1329)/12/EMR-II, dated 03–04.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Genetics and Genomics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516005, Andhra Pradesh, India

    J. Sivakumar & P. Osman Basha

  2. Department of Environmental Science, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516005, Andhra Pradesh, India

    M. Sridhar Reddy

  3. Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, (LIST), Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux 5, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg

    K. Sergeant & J. F. Hausman

  4. Department of Botany, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516005, Andhra Pradesh, India

    P. S. ShaValli Khan

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  1. J. Sivakumar
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Contributions

Overall conceptualization of work was done by P. Osman Basha, J. Siva Kumar and M. Sridhar Reddy. All the experiments were carried out by J. Siva Kumar. The data analysis as well as rewritten of whole manuscript was done by K. Sergeant, J. F.Hausman and P.S. ShaValli Khan. All the authors involved in writing of manuscript.

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Correspondence to P. Osman Basha.

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Sivakumar, J., Sridhar Reddy, M., Sergeant, K. et al. Principal component analysis-assisted screening and selection of salt-tolerant tomato genotypes. Plant Physiol. Rep. 28, 272–288 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40502-023-00726-8

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