Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Experimental investigations into tribological and machining characteristics of Al2O3 and ZrO dispersed Jatropha oil-based nanofluids

  • Technical Paper
  • Published:
Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Machining processes involve thermo-mechanical loading, which influences the tool wear and surface quality. Nano lubricants are effective in reducing the friction between tool-work contact surfaces. However, nanofluids prepared with plant-based oils are more desirable in view of ecological concerns. The present work aims to investigate the machining and tribological performance of novel vegetable oil-based nanofluid. Al2O3 and ZrO nanoparticles have been dispersed in Jatropha oil to develop biodegradable nanofluids and are investigated for their dispersion stability and anti-corrosion characteristics. The prepared nanofluids have been found to be stable for 48 h via UV–vis and zeta potential studies. The anti-corrosion capability of the nanofluids has been confirmed for their suitability in a corrosive environment. Tribological characteristics of the nanofluids have been investigated using a pin-on-disc wear test with Hastelloy C-276 and tungsten carbide mating pair. The experimental findings have shown a noticeable reduction in the coefficient of friction and wear loss. The coefficient of friction has been reduced by 83.3%, 85%, 80%, and 81.6% using JO, JO + 0.5% Al2O3, JO + 0.5% ZrO, and JO + 0.5% Al2O3 + 0.5% ZrO respectively as compared to dry condition. Furthermore, wear loss has been decreased by 51.7%, 72.3%, 61.6% and 73.1% using JO, JO + 0.5% Al2O3, JO + 0.5% ZrO and JO + 0.5% Al2O3 + 0.5% ZrO in comparison with dry condition. Also, the machining performance of nanofluids has shown a significant decrease in cutting forces and surface roughness. The ultrasonically produced atomized mist of nanofluids has resulted in a decrease in tool wear and produces chip segmentation. The prepared unitary and hybrid nanofluids have shown an immense potential to address the environmental concerns of machining difficult-to-cut materials.

Graphical abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20
Fig. 21

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The datasets generated and analyzed during the current experimental study are not publicly available but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

References

  1. Schultheiss F, Zhou J, Gröntoft E, Ståhl JE (2013) Sustainable machining through increasing the cutting tool utilization. J Clean Prod 59:298–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.06.058

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Jayal AD, Badurdeen F, Dillon OW, Jawahir IS (2010) Sustainable manufacturing: modeling and optimization challenges at the product, process and system levels. CIRP J Manuf Sci Technol 2:144–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirpj.2010.03.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Singh AK, Kumar A, Sharma V, Kala P (2020) Sustainable techniques in grinding: state of the art review. J Clean Prod. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121876

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Pusavec F, Kramar D, Krajnik P, Kopac J (2010) Transitioning to sustainable production-part II: evaluation of sustainable machining technologies. J Clean Prod 18:1211–1221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2010.01.015

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Haapala KR, Zhao F, Camelio J et al (2013) A review of engineering research in sustainable manufacturing. J Manuf Sci Eng Trans ASME 135:1–16. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4024040

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Osama M, Singh A, Walvekar R et al (2017) Recent developments and performance review of metal working fluids. Tribol Int 114:389–401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2017.04.050

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Wickramasinghe KC, Sasahara H, Rahim EA, Perera GIP (2020) Green Metalworking Fluids for sustainable machining applications: a review. J Clean Prod 257:120552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120552

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Pervaiz S, Kannan S, Kishawy HA (2018) An extensive review of the water consumption and cutting fluid based sustainability concerns in the metal cutting sector. J Clean Prod 197:134–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.06.190

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Liew PJ, Shaaroni A, Sidik NAC, Yan J (2017) An overview of current status of cutting fluids and cooling techniques of turning hard steel. Int J Heat Mass Transf 114:380–394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.06.077

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Shokrani A, Dhokia V, Newman ST (2012) Environmentally conscious machining of difficult-to-machine materials with regard to cutting fluids. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 57:83–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2012.02.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Shashidhara YM, Jayaram SR (2010) Vegetable oils as a potential cutting fluid-an evolution. Tribol Int 43:1073–1081. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2009.12.065

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Lawal SA, Choudhury IA, Nukman Y (2012) Application of vegetable oil-based metalworking fluids in machining ferrous metals-a review. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 52:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2011.09.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Abdul Sani AS, Rahim EA, Sharif S, Sasahara H (2019) Machining performance of vegetable oil with phosphonium- and ammonium-based ionic liquids via MQL technique. J Clean Prod 209:947–964. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.10.317

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Nabeel Rashin M, Hemalatha J (2013) Viscosity studies on novel copper oxide-coconut oil nanofluid. Exp Therm Fluid Sci 48:67–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2013.02.009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Kumar Gajrani K, Ravi Sankar M (2017) Past and current status of eco-friendly vegetable oil based metal cutting fluids. Mater Today Proc 4:3786–3795. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.02.275

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Naik DNS, Sharma V (2022) Thermophysical investigations of mango seed oil as a novel cutting fluid: a sustainable approach toward waste to value addition. J Manuf Sci Eng. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4054002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Gunan F, Kivak T, Yildirim CV, Sarikaya M (2020) Performance evaluation of MQL with AL2O3 mixed nanofluids prepared at different concentrations in milling of Hastelloy C276 alloy. J Mater Res Technol 9:10386–10400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.07.018

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Sah NK, Singh R, Sharma V (2021) Experimental investigations into thermophysical, wettability and tribological characteristics of ionic liquid based metal cutting fluids. J Manuf Process 65:190–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2021.03.019

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Moreira TA, Moreira DC, Ribatski G (2018) Nanofluids for heat transfer applications: a review. J Braz Soc Mech Sci Eng 40:303. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-018-1225-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Azman NF, Samion S (2019) Dispersion stability and lubrication mechanism of nanolubricants: a review. Int J Precis Eng Manuf-Green Technol 6:393–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40684-019-00080-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Kong L, Sun J, Bao Y (2017) Preparation, characterization and tribological mechanism of nanofluids. RSC Adv 7:12599–12609. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ra28243a

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Waqas M, Zahid R, Bhutta MU et al (2021) A review of friction performance of lubricants with nano additives. Materials (Basel). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14216310

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Mousavi SB, Heris SZ, Estellé P (2020) Experimental comparison between ZnO and MoS2 nanoparticles as additives on performance of diesel oil-based nano lubricant. Sci Rep 10:1–17. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-62830-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Pal A, Chatha SS, Sidhu HS (2022) Assessing the lubrication performance of various vegetable oil-based nano-cutting fluids via eco-friendly MQL technique in drilling of AISI 321 stainless steel. J Braz Soc Mech Sci Eng 44:148. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-022-03442-w

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Babar H, Ali HM (2019) Towards hybrid nanofluids: preparation, thermophysical properties, applications, and challenges. J Mol Liq 281:598–633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2019.02.102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Yu W, Xie H (2012) A review on nanofluids: preparation, stability mechanisms, and applications. J Nanomater. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/435873

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Ali N, Teixeira JA, Addali A (2018) A review on nanofluids: fabrication, stability, and thermophysical properties. J Nanomater. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6978130

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Nabeel Rashin M, Hemalatha J (2013) Synthesis and viscosity studies of novel ecofriendly ZnO-coconut oil nanofluid. Exp Therm Fluid Sci 51:312–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2013.08.014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Hegab H, Umer U, Deiab I, Kishawy H (2018) Performance evaluation of Ti–6Al–4V machining using nano-cutting fluids under minimum quantity lubrication. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 95:4229–4241. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-017-1527-z

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Singh RK, Dixit AR, Mandal A, Sharma AK (2017) Emerging application of nanoparticle-enriched cutting fluid in metal removal processes: a review. J Braz Soc Mech Sci Eng 39:4677–4717. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-017-0839-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Koshy CP, Rajendrakumar PK, Thottackkad MV (2015) Evaluation of the tribological and thermo-physical properties of coconut oil added with MoS2 nanoparticles at elevated temperatures. Wear 330–331:288–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2014.12.044

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Talib N, Nasir RM, Rahim EA (2017) Tribological behaviour of modified jatropha oil by mixing hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticles as a bio-based lubricant for machining processes. J Clean Prod 147:360–378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.01.086

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Araújo Junior AS, Sales WF, da Silva RB et al (2017) Lubri-cooling and tribological behavior of vegetable oils during milling of AISI 1045 steel focusing on sustainable manufacturing. J Clean Prod 156:635–647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.04.061

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Jamil M, Khan AM, Hegab H et al (2019) Effects of hybrid Al2O3-CNT nanofluids and cryogenic cooling on machining of Ti–6Al–4V. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 102:3895–3909. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-019-03485-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Gajrani KK, Suvin PS, Kailas SV, Mamilla RS (2019) Thermal, rheological, wettability and hard machining performance of MoS2 and CaF2 based minimum quantity hybrid nano-green cutting fluids. J Mater Process Technol 266:125–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2018.10.036

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Hemmat Esfe M, Abbasian Arani AA, Madadi MR, Alirezaie A (2018) A study on rheological characteristics of hybrid nano-lubricants containing MWCNT-TiO2 nanoparticles. J Mol Liq 260:229–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2018.01.101

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Chetan GS, Venkateswara Rao P (2015) Application of sustainable techniques in metal cutting for enhanced machinability: a review. J Clean Prod 100:17–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.03.039

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Lawal SA, Choudhury IA, Nukman Y (2013) A critical assessment of lubrication techniques in machining processes: a case for minimum quantity lubrication using vegetable oil-based lubricant. J Clean Prod 41:210–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.016

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Goindi GS, Sarkar P (2017) Dry machining: a step towards sustainable machining–challenges and future directions. J Clean Prod 165:1557–1571. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.07.235

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Rahim EA, Dorairaju H (2018) Evaluation of mist flow characteristic and performance in Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) machining. Meas J Int Meas Confed 123:213–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2018.03.015

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Shokrani A, Al-Samarrai I, Newman ST (2019) Hybrid cryogenic MQL for improving tool life in machining of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy. J Manuf Process 43:229–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2019.05.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Pereira O, Rodríguez A, Fernández-Abia AI et al (2016) Cryogenic and minimum quantity lubrication for an eco-efficiency turning of AISI 304. J Clean Prod 139:440–449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.08.030

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Sharma V, Pandey PM (2016) Recent advances in turning with textured cutting tools: a review. J Clean Prod 137:701–715. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.07.138

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Nath C, Kapoor SG, Srivastava AK, Iverson J (2014) Study of droplet spray behavior of an atomization-based cutting fluid spray system for machining titanium alloys. J Manuf Sci Eng Trans ASME. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4025504

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Jun MBG, Joshi SS, DeVor RE, Kapoor SG (2008) An experimental evaluation of an atomization-based cutting fluid application system for micromachining. J Manuf Sci Eng Trans ASME 130:0311181–0311188. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2738961

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Burton G, Goo CS, Zhang Y, Jun MBG (2014) Use of vegetable oil in water emulsion achieved through ultrasonic atomization as cutting fluids in micro-milling. J Manuf Process 16:405–413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2014.04.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Singh R, Sharma V (2022) Experimental investigations into sustainable machining of Hastelloy C-276 under different lubricating strategies. J Manuf Process 75:138–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2022.01.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Kudo T, Sekiguchi K, Sankoda K et al (2017) Effect of ultrasonic frequency on size distributions of nanosized mist generated by ultrasonic atomization. Ultrason Sonochem 37:16–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.12.019

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Singh R, Sah NK, Sharma V (2021) Development and characterization of unitary and hybrid Al2O3 and ZrO dispersed Jatropha oil-based nanofluid for cleaner production. J Clean Prod. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128365

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Pradhan S, Singh S, Prakash C et al (2019) Investigation of machining characteristics of hard-to-machine Ti-6Al-4V-ELI alloy for biomedical applications. J Mater Res Technol 8:4849–4862. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JMRT.2019.08.033

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Rehman WU, Merican ZMA, Bhat AH et al (2019) Synthesis, characterization, stability and thermal conductivity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and eco-friendly jatropha seed oil based nanofluid: an experimental investigation and modeling approach. J Mol Liq. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111534

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Sadeghi R, Etemad SG, Keshavarzi E, Haghshenasfard M (2015) Investigation of alumina nanofluid stability by UV–vis spectrum. Microfluid Nanofluidics 18:1023–1030. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10404-014-1491-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Tantra R, Schulze P, Quincey P (2010) Effect of nanoparticle concentration on zeta-potential measurement results and reproducibility. Particuology 8:279–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2010.01.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Seyedzavvar M, Abbasi H, Kiyasatfar M, Ilkhchi RN (2020) Investigation on tribological performance of CuO vegetable-oil based nanofluids for grinding operations. Adv Manuf 8:344–360. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40436-020-00314-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Singh AK, Sharma V (2021) Thermo-physical and tribological characteristics of ionic liquid-based rice bran oil as green cutting fluid. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part J J Eng Tribol. https://doi.org/10.1177/13506501211046154

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Luo T, Wei X, Huang X et al (2014) Tribological properties of Al2O3 nanoparticles as lubricating oil additives. Ceram Int 40:7143–7149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2013.12.050

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Bao YY, Sun JL, Kong LH (2017) Tribological properties and lubricating mechanism of SiO2 nanoparticles in water-based fluid. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng 182:012025. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/182/1/012025

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Ali MKA, Xianjun H, Elagouz A et al (2016) Minimizing of the boundary friction coefficient in automotive engines using Al2O3 and TiO2 nanoparticles. J Nanoparticle Res 18:377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-016-3679-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Qin Y, Wu M, Yang G et al (2021) Tribological performance of magnesium silicate hydroxide/Ni composite as an oil-based additive for steel-steel contact. Tribol Lett 69:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-020-01385-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Kesavan J, Senthilkumar V, Dinesh S (2019) Experimental and numerical investigations on machining of Hastelloy C276 under cryogenic condition. Mater Today Proc 27:2441–2444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.09.214

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Yue Y, Sun J, Gunter KL et al (2004) Character and behavior of mist generated by application of cutting fluid to a rotating cylindrical workpiece, part 1: model development. J Manuf Sci Eng Trans ASME 126:417–425. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1765150

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Xu K, Zou B, Huang C et al (2015) Machinability of Hastelloy C-276 using hot-pressed sintered Ti(C7N3)-based cermet cutting tools. Chinese J Mech Eng 28:599–606. https://doi.org/10.3901/CJME.2015.0316.031

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Rahmati B, Sarhan AAD, Sayuti M (2014) Morphology of surface generated by end milling AL6061-T6 using molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanolubrication in end milling machining. J Clean Prod 66:685–691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.10.048

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Dhananchezian M, Rajkumar K (2019) Comparative study of cutting insert wear and roughness parameter (Ra) while turning Nimonic 90 and hastelloy C-276 by coated carbide inserts. Mater Today Proc 22:1409–1416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.01.484

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Gupta MK, Song Q, Liu Z et al (2021) Tribological behavior of textured tools in sustainable turning of nickel based super alloy. Tribol Int 155:106775. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2020.106775

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Shah P, Khanna N, Zadafiya K et al (2020) In-house development of eco-friendly lubrication techniques (EMQL, Nanoparticles+EMQL and EL) for improving machining performance of 15–5 PHSS. Tribol Int 151:106476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2020.106476

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Yildirim ÇV, Kivak T, Sarikaya M, Şirin Ş (2020) Evaluation of tool wear, surface roughness/topography and chip morphology when machining of Ni-based alloy 625 under MQL, cryogenic cooling and CryoMQL. J Mater Res Technol 9:2079–2092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.12.069

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Dhananchezian M (2019) Study the machinability characteristics of Nicked based Hastelloy C-276 under cryogenic cooling. Meas J Int Meas Confed 136:694–702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2018.12.072

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge CSIR (CSR-1425-MID) for funding the project. We are thankful to the Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, IIT Roorkee, for carrying out laboratory experimentation work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Additive and Subtractive Manufacturing Lab, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India

    Ramandeep Singh

  2. Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India

    Varun Sharma

Authors
  1. Ramandeep Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Varun Sharma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

RS: Investigation, methodology, and writing original draft preparation. VS: conceptualization and writing—original draft preparation.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Varun Sharma.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced the work reported in this paper.

Additional information

Technical Editor: Izabel Fernanda Machado.

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Singh, R., Sharma, V. Experimental investigations into tribological and machining characteristics of Al2O3 and ZrO dispersed Jatropha oil-based nanofluids. J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng. 44, 345 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-022-03661-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-022-03661-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation