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Thermal and entropy analysis of a manifold microchannel heat sink operating on CuO–water nanofluid

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Abstract

An increase in area and disturbance of flow by introducing ribs in a microchannel system has proven to be effective in thermal management. On the other hand, nanofluid as a new coolant could also provide a much-needed performance boost. The performance of a manifold microchannel heat sink utilising nanofluid as the coolant and ribs for flow mixing has been investigated. The study is conducted with CuO–water nanofluid, Reynolds number of 100–400 and CuO nanoparticle volume fraction up to 4%. The results show that CuO–water nanofluid produced a higher thermal performance at higher concentration and Reynolds number with a corresponding increment in pressure drop. When compared to water, the Nusselt number increased from 4.4 to 23.67% at Reynolds number of 100 and CuO concentration of 4%. The addition of ribs on the sidewall of the manifold microchannel only showed a slight enhancement of up to 6.8% in the Nusselt number. Similarly, the thermal enhancement factor ranging from 1.03 to 1.07 is observed for the ribbed manifold microchannels, indicating better overall performance when compared to the microchannel without ribs.

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Abbreviations

C P :

Specific heat capacity (m3K/W)

D :

Diameter (nm)

d p :

Nanoparticle diameter (nm)

\(\lambda\) :

Thermal conductivity (W/mK)

H :

Height of channel (nm)

W :

Width of channel (nm)

Nu:

Nusselt number (–)

\({\text{PP}}\) :

Pumping power (W)

\(\dot{K}\) :

Flow rate (kg/s)

\(q^{\prime \prime }\) :

Heat flux (W/cm2)

Re:

Reynolds number (–)

\(\dot{S}\) :

Total entropy generation rate (W/K)

T :

Temperature (K)

\({\varvec{V}}\)(u,v,w):

x, y, and z component of velocity (m/s)

X :

x-axis path (m)

Y :

y-axis path (m)

Z :

z-axis path (m)

\(p\) :

Pressure (Pa)

A :

Area [(nm)2]

\(\Delta p\) :

Pressure drop (Pa)

PEC:

Performance evaluation criteria (–)

\(\varphi\) :

Particle volume fraction (–)

\(\rho\) :

Density (kg/m3)

\(\mu\) :

Viscosity (cP)

K b :

Boltzmann constant (–)

\(\theta\) :

Temperature uniformity (–)

\(\eta\) :

Thermal enhancement factor (–)

c:

Channel

eff:

Effective

f:

Base fluid

h:

Hydraulic

nf:

Nanofluid

o:

Smooth channel

p:

Nanoparticle

r:

Ribbed channel

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Acknowledgements

This research work is supported wholly/in part by the National Research Foundation of South Africa (Grant Numbers: 120710).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa

    Saheed Adewale Adio & Vasudeva Rao Veeredhi

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

    Saheed Adewale Adio, Adedotun Emmanuel Olalere, Ridwan Olawale Olagoke & Timothy Adefemi Alo

  3. Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa

    Daniel R. E. Ewim

  4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria

    Olabode Thomas Olakoyejo

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  1. Saheed Adewale Adio
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Adio, S.A., Olalere, A.E., Olagoke, R.O. et al. Thermal and entropy analysis of a manifold microchannel heat sink operating on CuO–water nanofluid. J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng. 43, 76 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-020-02772-x

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