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Energy analysis and exhaust emissions of a stationary engine fueled with diesel–biodiesel blends at variable loads

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Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Compression ignition engines are widely used for transportation and power generation around the world. Even though high efficiencies are obtained for these machines, their main energy source is a non-renewable fuel. In addition to that, greenhouse gases, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter and other non-desirable substances are emitted. Biodiesel is a fuel usually proposed for Diesel engines because it is non-toxic, renewable, can be produced from different oil seeds and does not require significant modifications in the engine. This work investigates the exhaust emissions and performance of a six-cylinder direct injection Diesel engine that drives a 60-kVA electric generator at 1800 rpm. The engine was fueled with five different blends (D95B5, D75B25, D50B50, D25B75, B100) of conventional diesel oil containing up to 10 ppm of sulfur (S10 class) and biodiesel at different loads. An in-house developed system for particulate matter (PM) evaluation was created. Gaseous emissions and energy flows were evaluated. A reduction of 45% in PM emissions was observed by increasing biodiesel content from B5 to B100 at the highest load tested (27 kW). CO and NOx emissions increased slightly when compared to the mixture commercialized in Brazilian market (5% biodiesel and 95% conventional diesel). No significant variation in energy efficiency was revealed by increasing the percentage of biodiesel in the blend.

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Abbreviations

\(\dot{B}\) :

Exergy flow rate (kW)

c :

Specific heat [kJ/(kg K)]

\(\dot{E}\) :

Energy flow rate (kW)

\(\dot{n}\) :

Molar flow rate (kmol/s)

\(\overline{\text{LHV}}\) :

Low heating value (kJ/kmol)

\(\dot{Q}\) :

Heat flow rate (kW)

R :

Mixture constant [kJ/(kg K)]

W :

Power (kW)

CV:

Control volume

CW:

Cooling water

EX:

Exhaust gas

F:

Fuel/formation

P:

Products/pressure

R:

Reactants

REF:

Reference

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to acknowledge the CAPES, CNPq, for the financial support and AGERADORA Company (Salvador-Bahia-Brazil) for the Diesel Generator used in the tests.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Polytechnic School, Industrial Engineering Post-Graduation Program, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil

    Tito B. Santos, Ednildo A. Torres & Julio A. M. da Silva

  2. Exact and Tech. Sc. Institute, Federal University of Bahia Reconcavo, Cruz Das Almas, Bahia, Brazil

    Vitor P. Ferreira

  3. Department of Mechanical Eng., Energy and Sustainability Center and Center for Advanced Power Systems, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA

    Juan C. Ordonez

Authors
  1. Tito B. Santos
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  2. Vitor P. Ferreira
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  3. Ednildo A. Torres
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  4. Julio A. M. da Silva
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  5. Juan C. Ordonez
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Julio A. M. da Silva.

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Technical Editor: Fernando Marcelo Pereira.

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Santos, T.B., Ferreira, V.P., Torres, E.A. et al. Energy analysis and exhaust emissions of a stationary engine fueled with diesel–biodiesel blends at variable loads. J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng. 39, 3237–3247 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-017-0847-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-017-0847-0

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