Abstract
Malvaceae is divided into nine subfamilies, one of which is Malvoideae. Wissadula Medik., a genus within the Malvoideae, is divided into two sections according to mericarp morphology and the number of ovules per locule. Species belonging to the section Wissadula have three or rarely two ovules, whereas species belonging to the section Wissada have a single ovule. In Brazil, 19 species are recorded under the two sections, including a single species (Wissadula stipulata Bovini) in section Wissada and 18 in section Wissadula. This study analyzed pollen grains from both sections of Wissadula with the aim of confirming or not the existence of these sections based on pollen morphology. All 19 taxa occurring in Brazil were analyzed. The botanical material was collected from exsiccatae deposited in national herbaria and subjected to acetolysis. Subsequently, slides were prepared, examined under light microscopy, and photomicrographed. Pollen grains are monads, isopolar, large, suboblate, and triporate. The polar area is small in most species and large in a few others. The exine is thick, with echinate ornamentation, granules, and perforations. It was possible to distinguish the analyzed species based on of pollen diameters and spine characteristics (dimensions and distance). The findings showed that the pollen grains of species belonging to the two sections of Wissadula are similar in size, shape, aperture type, aperture number, and sexine ornamentation.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abreu VHR, Vieira GRM, Souza RMBS, Gonçalves-Esteves V (2020) Palynology of Grewioideae species (Malvaceae sensu lato) occurring in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Rodriguésia 71:1–13
Alverson WS, Whitlock BA, Nyffeler R, Bayer C, Baum DA (1999) Phylogeny of the core Malvales: evidence from ndhF sequence data. Am J Bot 86:1474–1486
Barth OM (1975) Catálogo sistemático dos pólens das plantas arbóreas do Brasil Meridional. XVIII-Malvaceae. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 73:1–18
Baum DA, Smith SD, Yen A, Alverston WS, Nyfeler R, Whitlock A, Oldham R (2004) Phylogenetic relationship of Malvatheca (Bombacoideae and Malvoideae; Malvaceae sensu lato) as inferred from plastid DNA sequences. Am J Bot 91:1863–1871
Bovini MG (2009) Uma nueva espécie y combinación em Wissadula (Malvaceae). Novon 19:15–17
Bovini MG (2015) Briquetiastrum: a new genus of Malvaceae and there definition of Briquetia. Anales Jard Bot Madrid 72:1–7
Bovini MG, Baumgratz JFA (2016) Taxonomic revision of Wissadula (Malvoideae, Malvaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 243:201–234
Caccavari MA, Naab OA, Tamame MA (2008) Palynological and physicochemical characteristics of three unifloral honey types from central Argentina. J Agric Res 6:566–576
Cartaxo-Pinto S, Gonçalves-Esteves V, Mendonça CBF (2022) Contributions to the palynological study of selected species of Cissus L. (Vitaceae): a new appreciation of ornamentation. Braz J Bot 45:651–664
Christensen PB (1986) Pollen morphological studies in the Malvaceae. Grana 25:95–117
Corrêa MAS, Cruz-Barros MAV, Esteves GL (2012) Palinotaxonomia de espécies brasileiras de Pavonia Cav. (Malvoideae-Malvaceae), com ênfase nas regiões Nordeste e Sudeste. Hoehnea 39:627–648
Cruz-Barros MAV, Corrêa MAS, Watanabe HM (2006) Estudo polínico das espécies de Aquifoliaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Lecythidaceae, Malvaceae, Phytolaccaceae e Portulacaceae ocorrentes na restinga da Ilha do Cardoso (Cananéia, SP, Brasil). Rev Bras Bot 29:145–162
Cuadrado GA, Boilini ARM (2006) Palynology of the genera Tarasa and Wissadula (Malvaceae, Malveae) from Argentina. Bonplandia 15:167–187
Culhane KJ, Blackmore S (1988) The Northwest European pollen flora, 41. Malvaceae Rev Palaeobot Palynol 57:45–74
El Ghazali GEB (1993) A study on the pollen flora of Sudan. Malvaceae Rev Palaeobot Palynol 76:223–234
El Naggar SM (2004a) Pollen morphology of Egyptian Malvaceae: an assessment of taxonomic value. Turk J Bot 28:227–240
Erdtman G (1952) Pollen morphology and plant taxonomy—angiosperms. Almqvist & Wiksell, Stockolm
Faegri G, Iversen J (1975) Textbook of modern pollen analysis. Scandinavian University Books, Copenhagen
Flora e Funga do Brasil (2024) Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br. Acessed 01 August, 2023
Fries RE (1908) Entwurf einer Monographie der Gattungen Wissadula and Pseudabutilon. K Sven Vetensk Akad Handl 43:1–114
Gonçalves-Esteves V, Mezzonato-Pires AC, Marinho EB, Souza-Souza RMB, Esteves RL, Cartaxo-Pinto S, Mendonça CBF (2022) The importance of palynology to taxonomy. In: Medeiros MFT, Haiad BS (eds) Aspects of Brazilian floristic diversity from botany to traditional communities. Springer, Vienna, pp 119–134
Jiménez-Reyes MN (2003) Morfología de los granos de pollen de la familia Malvaceae de Jalisco, México. IV. Malachra, Malva, Malvastrum, Malvaviscus, Malvella, Modiola. Neobrettonia Pavonia Bol Ibug 11:17–42
Kleinert AMP, Martínez CAM, Luz CLS et al. (2020) Plantas e pólen em áreas urbanas: uso no paisagismo amigável aos polinizadores. In: Kleinert AMP, Silva CI (eds) Rio Claro: CISE
Lopes ACV, Souza CN, Saba MD, Gasparino EC (2021) Pollen morphology of Malvaceae s.l. from Cerrado forest fragments: details of aperture and ornamentation in the pollen types definition. Palynology 46:1–15
Lorente FL, Buso Jr AA, Oliveira PE, Pessenda LCR (2017) Atlas palinológico Laboratório 14C–CENA/USP. FEALQ, Piracicaba, SP
Martínez FS (1982) Morfologia polinica de algunas malvaceas mexicanas. Coleccion Cientifica–INAH 127:1–88
McCune B, Mefford MJ (2006) PC-ORD. Multivariate analysis of ecological data, version 5.0 for Windows
Melhem TS, Cruz-Barros MAV, Corrêa AMS, Makino-Watanabe H, Silvestre-Capelato S, Esteves VGL (2003) Variabilidade polínica em plantas de Campos de Jordão, São Paulo. Brasil Bol Inst Bot 16:1–104
Mouga DMDS, Dec E (2012) Catálogo polínico de plantas medicinais apícolas—Florianópolis: DIOESC
Nyffeler R, Bayer C, Alverson WS, Yen A, Whitlock BA, Chase MW, Baum DA (2005) Phylogenetic analysis of the Malvadendrina clade (Malvaceae s.l.) based on plastid DNA sequences. Org Divers Evol 5:109–123
Punt W, Blackmore S, Nilsson S, Thomas A (2007) Glossary of pollen and spore terminology. Second edition revised by Peter Hoen. Rev Palaeobot Palynol, vol 143. pp 1–81
Saad SI (1960) The sporoderm stratification in the Malvaceae. Pollen Spores 2:13–41
Saba MD, Santos FAR (2015) Pollen morphology and exine ultrastructure of selected species of Waltheria L. (Byttnerioideae-Malvaceae). Rev Palaeobot Palynol 221:204–210
Saba MD, Esteves GL, Santos VJ, Santos FR (2020) Morphological characterization of pollen grains of Brazilian species of Bombacoideae (Malvaceae s.l.). Acta Bot Bras 34:94–106
Salgado-Labouriau ML (1973) Contribuição à palinologia dos cerrados. Academia Brasileira de Ciências, Rio de Janeiro
Salgado-Labouriau ML, Vanzolini PE, Melhem TS (1965) Variation of polar axes and equatorial diameters in pollen grains of two species of Cassia. Grana 6:166–176
Schumann K (1891) Malvaceae I. In: Martius CP, Ichler AG (eds) Typographia Regia Monaqui. Flora Brasiliensis, vol 12. pp 253–456
Silva FHM, Santos FAR, Lima LCL (2016) Flora polínica das caatingas: estação biológica de canudos (Canudos, Bahia, Brasil). Feira de Santana, Micron Bahia, p 120
Silveira Júnior CEA, Lima LCL, Saba MD (2017) Morfologia polínica de Waltheria L. (Malvaceae, Byttnerioideae) da Bahia. Brasil Acta Bot Bras 31:597–612
Thiers B (2024) continuously updated. Index herbariorum: a global directory of public Herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih. Acessed 15, March, 2023
Acknowledgements
V. Gonçalves-Esteves and CBF Mendonça are grateful to the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for the research grants (Grants Nos. 304910/2019-8 and 31618/2021-9). All authors thank the Rio de Janeiro State Research Foundation (FAPERJ) (Grant Nos. 260003/015254/2021, and E-26-/203.007/2017).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by GCMA, VGE, and CBFM. All authors commented on previous versions, read and approved of the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
Vânia Gonçalves-Esteves is Associate Editor of the Brazilian Journal of Botany, and this article was entirely handled by a different Associate Editor.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
de Mello, A.G.C., Bovini, M.G., Mendonça, C.B.F. et al. Pollen morphology of Wissadula Medik. (Malvaceae: Malvoideae) in Brazil. Braz. J. Bot (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-024-01003-0
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-024-01003-0