Abstract
Aim
Nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL ± P) is the most common craniofacial birth defect. This study aims to determine demographic characteristics and the epidemiologic profile of NSCL ± P in Bahia, Brazil.
Subject and methods
692 patients of three Cleft Lip and Palate Treatment Centers were interviewed.
Results
Cleft lip and palate (CLP) was the most frequent type of oral cleft (52.8%), particularly unilateral (34.8%) and affecting the left side (p < 0.001). Family history of cleft was found in 27.6%, especially between cousins (49.7%; p < 0.001). The Salvador metropolitan area represented 45.2% of the samples, followed by Mid-South (17.7%) and Mid-North Bahia (13.9%). In the South of the state, the risk of developing CL and CLP was statistically significant (p = 0.03; p = 0.006, respectively), and in the region of Vale do São Francisco there was a significant risk of developing CLP (p = 0.01), both in relation to CP. Young age and alcohol use in pregnancy were associated to giving birth to children with CLP (p = 0.02, p = 0.03, respectively). The use of folate and other vitamins diminished the risk of developing CL and CLP if compared to CP (p = 0.009).
Conclusion
It is hoped that the results of this research may be useful in planning actions of public service that should take care of affected individuals.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Santo Antonio Hospital, Salvador, Bahia, and especially Mrs. Maria Luiza Miranda Marques for her assistance. We would like to thank to Ms. Camila Sane Viena for her participation in organizing the collected data.
Funding
This work was supported by grants from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development—CNPq, Brasília, Brazil (484292/2013-7).
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All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional human research committee of the Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health with reference number 378.066, and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in this study.
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Maranhão, S.C., Sá, J., Cangussú, M.C.T. et al. Nonsyndromic oral clefts and associated risk factors in the state of Bahia, Brazil. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 22, 121–127 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-020-00522-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-020-00522-0