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Sentinel node mapping in conjunctival and eyelid malignancies: a mini-review

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Abstract

Purpose and background

Sentinel node biopsy (SNB) is routinely performed in patients with melanoma, breast cancer, gynaecological malignancies and oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma, but not for eyelid and conjunctival tumours. Several studies have demonstrated the feasibility and safety of the procedure, therefore this mini-review aimed to analyse the current knowledge about radioguided SNB in eyelid and conjunctival tumours.

Methods

We identified the most relevant clinical studies on SNB performed with radiotracers in eyelid and conjunctival tumours, providing technical and methodological information.

Results

We included a total of nine studies, employing 99mTc-sulphur colloid or albumin nanocolloids. In three studies, SPECT/CT was performed, which was helpful in defining the number and sites of the sentinel nodes and their relationship with adjacent anatomical structures. The sentinel node was identified in most studies (imaging detection rate from 82 to 100%). The positive rate for metastases ranged from 0 to 100%, leading to a change in management in case of positivity.

Conclusion

Radioguided SNB can be considered a feasible and safe procedure for conjunctival and eyelid malignancies, which could provide prognostic information for the treatment choice. Further confirmation in larger cohorts and longer follow-up periods is required to establish and validate this role. Finally, standardisation of the procedure would be useful.

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Data availability

All data supporting the findings of this study are available in the manuscript in the section “References”.

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Author information

Author notes

  1. Daniela Di Giuda and Luca Zagaria share the last authorship.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Section of Nuclear Medicine, University Department of Radiological Sciences and Haematology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy

    Giusi Pisano & Daniela Di Giuda

  2. Nuclear Medicine Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy

    Romina Grazia Giancipoli, Teresa Scotognella, Daniela Di Giuda & Luca Zagaria

  3. Ocular Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy

    Maria Grazia Sammarco & Monica Maria Pagliara

  4. Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy

    Giorgio Barbera

  5. Head and Neck, Lung and Endocrine Pathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy

    Teresa Musarra

Authors
  1. Giusi Pisano
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  2. Romina Grazia Giancipoli
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  3. Maria Grazia Sammarco
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  4. Giorgio Barbera
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  5. Teresa Musarra
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  6. Monica Maria Pagliara
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  7. Teresa Scotognella
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  8. Daniela Di Giuda
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  9. Luca Zagaria
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Contributions

All the authors contributed to the study conception and design. GP performed the literature search and review and drafted the first version of the manuscript. MGS, GB, TM and MMP provided substantial contribution to patient’s data. DDG, LZ, RG and TS critically revised the work for important intellectual content. All authors revised and approved the final version to be published.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Luca Zagaria.

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Informed consent was obtained from all patients included in the case series.

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Pisano, G., Giancipoli, R.G., Sammarco, M.G. et al. Sentinel node mapping in conjunctival and eyelid malignancies: a mini-review. Clin Transl Imaging 11, 513–520 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40336-023-00557-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40336-023-00557-5

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