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Echocardiographic Phenotypes of Subclinical Organ Damage: Clinical and Prognostic Value in the General Population. Findings from the Pamela Study

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Abstract

Subclinical alterations in cardiac structure and function include a variety of abnormal phenotypes of established adverse prognostic significance such as left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), alterations of LV geometry, left atrial (LA) enlargement, and aortic root (AR) dilatation. The excess cardiovascular (CV) risk associated with these phenotypes has been consistently demonstrated in different clinical settings such in patients with systemic hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, heart failure and in geneal population samples. The Pressioni Monitorate e Loro Associazioni (PAMELA), a longitudinal population-based study originally designed to assess the normality values, prognostic significance of office, home and 24-hour blood pressure, including among the many clinical and laboratory variables the collection of echocardiographic data, allowed to gather important information on the clinical prognostic significance of subclinical cardiac damage during a long follow-up period. This article summarizes the original findings provided by the PAMELA study on the clinical correlates and prognostic significance of echocardiographic markers of subclinical organa damage namely LVH, left atrial enlargement (LA) and AR dilatation at the community level.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy

    Cesare Cuspidi, Giuseppe Mancia & Guido Grassi

  2. Department of Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Diseases, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy

    Andrea Faggiano

  3. Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milano, Milan, Italy

    Andrea Faggiano

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  1. Cesare Cuspidi
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Correspondence to Cesare Cuspidi.

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All authors contributed to the manuscript. CC and GG had the idea for the article, AD performed the literature search and prepared figures and tables, and CC drafted the manuscript and GG; AD and GM critically revised the work. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Cuspidi, C., Faggiano, A., Mancia, G. et al. Echocardiographic Phenotypes of Subclinical Organ Damage: Clinical and Prognostic Value in the General Population. Findings from the Pamela Study. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 30, 497–511 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40292-023-00610-4

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