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Association Between Nutrient Patterns and Hypertension Among Adults in the United States: A Population-Based Survey

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Abstract

Introduction

Hypertension (HTN) is a common medical condition associated with many adverse health outcomes. Diet plays a crucial role in the pathology, prevention, and management of HTN.

Aim

To identify nutrient patterns (NPs) and to investigate their association with the risk of HTN among adults in the United States (US).

Methods

This cross-sectional study used data from the US community-based National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Participants with data on dietary intake and blood pressure were analyzed. NPs were determined by principal components analysis (PCA). In all the analyses (analysis of covariance and multivariate logistic regression), we accounted for the survey design and sample weights.

Results

Overall, 22,184 (4002 hypertensive and 18,182 normotensive) individuals were included. We identified three NPs which explained 50.8% of the variance of the dietary nutrient consumption. There was a graded decrease in the odds of association with HTN by quartiles of mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) dietary pattern where the 4th quartile was associated with a 28% (odds ratio [OR] 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.63–0.82; p < 0.001) lower odds of HTN compared with the first quartile. The second NP “high in micronutrients and vitamins” presented a decreasing trend in the odds of association with HTN with the 4th quartile having a 20% [OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.63–0.97; p < 0.001] lower odds of HTN compared with the 1st quartile.

Conclusion

Our findings provide further evidence on the inverse association between a high intake of minerals, vitamins, and MUFA and the risk of HTN. Further observational studies and clinical trials are needed to better understand the influence of MUFA, vitamins, and mineral consumption on HTN.

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Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Contributions

MM and HV designed the study. MM analysed the data; RO, HV, and ESG contributed to writing and critically appraising the manuscript. All authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript prior to submission.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Mohsen Mazidi or Richard Ofori-Asenso.

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Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no potential conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

For the data collection and physical examination of the NHANES, informed consent was obtained from all adult participants, and the National Centre for Health Statistics Research Ethics Review Board approved the protocol.

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Mazidi, M., Ofori-Asenso, R., George, E.S. et al. Association Between Nutrient Patterns and Hypertension Among Adults in the United States: A Population-Based Survey. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 27, 133–138 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40292-020-00364-3

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