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Exercise Interventions for the Prevention and Treatment of Groin Pain and Injury in Athletes: A Critical and Systematic Review

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Abstract

Background

Groin injury is a common musculoskeletal complaint for athletes competing in a variety of sports. The extent to which exercise interventions incorporating external load are an appropriate option for the treatment and prevention of groin injury in athletes is not yet clear.

Objectives

The aim of this review was to describe and evaluate exercise therapy interventions and outcomes for the treatment and prevention of groin injury with specific attention to application of external load.

Data Sources

The databases Medline, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and Cochrane were searched on 18 April 2016.

Study Eligibility Criteria

This review was registered as PROSPERO CRD42016037752 and a systematic search was conducted with the following inclusion criteria: any study design evaluating exercise interventions for the prevention or treatment of groin pain in athletes.

Data Analysis

Two independent authors screened search results, performed data extraction, assessed risk of bias using the modified Downs and Black appraisal tool and determined strength and level of evidence. Reporting standards for exercise interventions were assessed using the Consensus for Exercise Reporting Template (CERT).

Results

A total of 1320 titles were identified with 14 studies satisfying the inclusion criteria, four (29%) of which demonstrated low risk of bias. Ten (71%) studies utilised external load as a component of the exercise intervention. Reporting standards for exercise intervention scores ranged from 0 to 63%.

Conclusion

There is limited evidence from level 2 and 3 studies indicating exercise therapy may reduce the incidence and hazard risk of sustaining a groin injury in athletes. There is strong evidence from level 4 studies indicating exercise therapy is beneficial as a treatment for groin injury in athletes in terms of symptom remission, return to sport and recurrence outcomes. However, there are limited studies with low risk of bias, and exercise interventions for the treatment of groin injury are poorly described.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Clinical Physiotherapy, Department of Physical Therapies, Australian Institute of Sport, Leverrier Street, Bruce, ACT, Australia

    Paula C. Charlton & Michael K. Drew

  2. Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Paula C. Charlton & Benjamin F. Mentiplay

  3. Australian Collaboration for Research into Injury in Sport and its Prevention (ACRISP), Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC, Australia

    Michael K. Drew

  4. Physiotec Physiotherapy, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

    Alison Grimaldi

  5. Faculty of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, School of Health and Sport Science, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia

    Benjamin F. Mentiplay & Ross A. Clark

Authors
  1. Paula C. Charlton
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  2. Michael K. Drew
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  3. Benjamin F. Mentiplay
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  4. Alison Grimaldi
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  5. Ross A. Clark
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Contributions

Paula Charlton, Michael Drew, Benjamin Mentiplay and Ross Clark planned the manuscript. All authors contributed to the interpretation of the data, writing, editing and approval of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Paula C. Charlton.

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Funding

No sources of funding were used to assist in the preparation of this review.

Conflict of interest

Paula Charlton, Michael Drew, Benjamin Mentiplay, Alison Grimaldi and Ross Clark declare that they have no conflicts of interest relevant to the contents of this review.

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Charlton, P.C., Drew, M.K., Mentiplay, B.F. et al. Exercise Interventions for the Prevention and Treatment of Groin Pain and Injury in Athletes: A Critical and Systematic Review. Sports Med 47, 2011–2026 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0742-y

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