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The association between dental caries, periodontal diseases, and tooth loss with diabetes mellitus among the elderly population

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Abstract

Purpose

Our study investigated the association between dental caries, periodontal diseases, and tooth loss with diabetes mellitus (DM) among the elderly population, representing the first study of its kind in Iran.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional community-based study as a part of the second wave of the Birjand longitudinal aging study (BLAS, 2021–2022) for people older than 60. We used the Comprehensive Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Tool (CGOHAT) for the oral health evaluation. Participants were initially categorized into diabetic and non-diabetic groups. Those patients with DM were further categorised into uncontrolled and controlled diabetes based on their HbA1c level. The association between periodontitis, gingivitis, and edentulism with type II diabetes mellitus and uncontrolled diabetes was assessed using logistic regression.

Results

Among the 1,011 participants, 324 (32.04%) had DM. The mean ± SD DMFT was 27.06 ± 7.71 and 27.07 ± 7.72 among those with and without DM, respectively (p = 0.976). The M index comprised 85.46% of the total DMFT among those without DM and 84.51% among those with DM. The prevalence of periodontitis was higher among those without DM (110, 32.84%, p = 0.390). The prevalence of gingivitis was higher among those with DM (73, 45.06%, p = 0.617). Among the diabetic group, 137 (42.28%) had controlled DM. Based on the adjusted matched multivariate logistic model, decayed teeth (1.24, 95%CI: 1.06 – 1.46, p-value = 0.006), periodontitis (2.78, 95%CI: 1.02 – 7.56, p-value = 0.044), and moderate tooth loss (5.73, 95%CI: 1.13 – 28.88, p-value = 0.034) were significantly associated with increased odds of uncontrolled DM.

Conclusions

Based on the findings of this study, tooth loss was highly prevalent among the elderly Iranians regardless of their diabetes status. Also, periodontitis, tooth loss, and decayed teeth were significantly associated with increased odds of poor glycemic control among those with DM. Thus, it can be concluded that improving the oral health of the geriatric population may be a crucial part of improving the glycemic control among those with diabetes which has been frequently neglected.

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Data Availability

Data is available upon request from the corresponding authors.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Community Oral Health Department, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad-Hossein Heydari, Soheila Bakhshandeh & Mohammad-Hossein Khoshnevisan

  2. Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Evin City, Student Blvd. School of Dentistry, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad-Hossein Heydari & Mohammad-Hossein Khoshnevisan

  3. Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad-Hossein Heydari & Shayan Sobhaninejad

  4. Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad-Hossein Heydari, Farshad Sharifi, Shayan Sobhaninejad & Ali Sharifi

  5. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran

    Leili Alizadeh

  6. Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran

    Soheila Darmiani & Shima Bijari

  7. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Disease, School of Dentistry, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran

    Parvin Parvaie

  8. Research Centre for Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 10, Al-E-Ahmad and Chamran Highway Intersection, Tehran, 1411713136, Iran

    Shervan Shoaee

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  1. Mohammad-Hossein Heydari
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Shervan Shoaee or Mohammad-Hossein Khoshnevisan.

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Ethical consideration

This study was approved by the ethical committee of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IR.SBMU.DRC.REC.1420.060). Informed consent was obtained from all the participants in BLAS prior to any examination.

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Heydari, MH., Sharifi, F., Sobhaninejad, S. et al. The association between dental caries, periodontal diseases, and tooth loss with diabetes mellitus among the elderly population. J Diabetes Metab Disord (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-024-01434-2

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