Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Beta-Type Titanium Alloys for Biomedical Application: A Review

  • Published:
Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters) Aims and scope

Abstract

Additive manufacturing of β-type titanium alloy is expected to replace Ti–6Al–4V alloy in the field of orthopedic implantation because of their low elastic modulus, excellent corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. After briefly introducing the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process and physical phenomena, this paper reviews the recent progresses in LPBF-ed β-type Ti alloys. The strategies to strengthening and toughening β-type Ti alloys are critically reviewed. This is followed by the processing routes employed to achieve to low modulus for orthopedic applications, especially a new methodology for tailoring crystallographic orientation called multi-track coupled directional solidification. The effect of processing and compositions on performance metrics of β-type Ti alloys included corrosion behavior, and biocompatibility is reviewed. In the end, challenges in additive manufacturing of β-type Ti alloys in future are highlighted, with the aim to ensue clinical application of LPBF-ed β-type Ti alloys.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. L.C. Zhang, L.Y. Chen, Adv. Eng. Mater. 21, 1801215 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. H.E. Lange, D. Hohlfeld, R. Bader, D. Kluess, Smart Mater. Struct. 29, 115051 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Y. Li, C. Yang, H. Zhao, S. Qu, X. Li, Y. Li, Materials 73, 1709 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. N. Dai, L.C. Zhang, J. Zhang, Q. Chen, M. Wu, Corros. Sci. 102, 484 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Q. Chen, G.A. Thouas, Mater. Sci. Eng. R 87, 1 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. S.F. Jawed, C.D. Rabadia, Y.J. Liu, L.Q. Wang, P. Qin, Y.H. Li, X.H. Zhang, L.C. Zhang, Mater. Sci. Eng. C 110, 110728 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. X. Luo, C. Yang, R.Y. Li, H. Wang, H.Z. Lu, T. Song, H.W. Ma, D.D. Li, A. Gebert, Y.Y. Li, Biomater. Adv. 133, 112625 (2022)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. X. Luo, T. Song, F. Wang, H. Lu, L. Kang, H. Ma, D. Li, A. Gebert, C. Yang, Adv. Powder Mater. 2, 100118 (2023)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. S. Bose, D. Ke, H. Sahasrabudhe, A. Bandyopadhyay, Prog. Mater. Sci. 93, 45 (2018)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. N. Hu, L. Xie, Q. Liao, A. Gao, Y. Zheng, H. Pan, L. Tong, D. Yang, N. Gao, M.J. Starink, P.K. Chu, H. Wang, Acta Biomater. 126, 524 (2021)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. L. Zhou, T. Yuan, R. Li, J. Tang, M. Wang, F. Mei, J. Alloys Compd. 762, 289 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. X.M. Ma, W. Sun, J. Alloys Compd. 509, 294 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. N. Hafeez, S. Liu, E. Lu, L. Wang, R. Liu, W. Lu, L.C. Zhang, J. Alloys Compd. 790, 117 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. L.C. Zhang, D. Klemm, J. Eckert, Y.L. Hao, T.B. Sercombe, Scr. Mater. 65, 21 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Y.J. Liu, S.J. Li, H.L. Wang, W.T. Hou, Y.L. Hao, R. Yang, T.B. Sercombe, L.C. Zhang, Acta Mater. 113, 56 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. J. Chen, X. Liao, J. Shu, L. Zhou, C. Li, Y. Ren, Y. Niu, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 826, 141962 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. D. Zhao, C. Han, Y. Li, J. Li, K. Zhou, Q. Wei, J. Liu, Y. Shi, J. Alloys Compd. 804, 288 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Y.H. Li, C. Yang, F. Wang, H.D. Zhao, S.G. Qu, X.Q. Li, W.W. Zhang, Y.Y. Li, Mater. Des. 85, 7 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. C.H. Wang, A.M. Russell, G.H. Cao, Scr. Mater. 158, 62 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. H.Z. Lu, C. Yang, X. Luo, H.W. Ma, B. Song, Y.Y. Li, L.C. Zhang, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 763, 138166 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. L.Y. Chen, S.X. Liang, Y. Liu, L.C. Zhang, Mater. Sci. Eng. R 146, 100648 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. D. Gu, X. Shi, R. Poprawe, D.L. Bourell, R. Setchi, J. Zhu, Science 372, 1487 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Y.L. Wang, K.C. Chan, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 876, 145164 (2023)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Y. Zhang, S. Ye, H. Ke, K.C. Chan, W. Wang, Mater. Des. 229, 111891 (2023)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Y. Zhang, B. Qin, K. Chan, R. Lupoi, S. Yin, Y. Xie, S. Ye, P. Yu, H. Ke, W. Wang, J. Manuf. Process. 94, 413 (2023)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. L.C. Zhang, H. Attar, Adv. Eng. Mater. 18, 463 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. L. Liu, Q. Ding, Y. Zhong, J. Zou, J. Wu, Y.L. Chiu, J. Li, Z. Zhang, Q. Yu, Z. Shen, Mater. Today 21, 354 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. X. Luo, D.D. Li, C. Yang, A. Gebert, H.Z. Lu, T. Song, H.W. Ma, L.M. Kang, Y. Long, Y.Y. Li, Addit. Manuf. 51, 102640 (2022)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Y.M. Wang, T. Voisin, J.T. McKeown, J. Ye, N.P. Calta, Z. Li, Z. Zeng, Y. Zhang, W. Chen, T.T. Roehling, R.T. Ott, M.K. Santala, P.J. Depond, M.J. Matthews, A.V. Hamza, T. Zhu, Nat. Mater. 17, 63 (2018)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. X. Luo, C. Yang, Z.Q. Fu, L.H. Liu, H.Z. Lu, H.W. Ma, Z. Wang, D.D. Li, L.C. Zhang, Y.Y. Li, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 823, 141731 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Y. Huang, C. Shen, X. Ji, F. Li, Y. Zhang, X. Hua, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 283, 116721 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. R. Cunningham, C. Zhao, N. Parab, C. Kantzos, J. Pauza, K. Fezzaa, T. Sun, A.D. Rollett, Science 363, 849 (2019)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. H.Z. Lu, L.H. Liu, C. Yang, X. Luo, C.H. Song, Z. Wang, J. Wang, Y.D. Su, Y.F. Ding, L.C. Zhang, Y.Y. Li, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 101, 205 (2022)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. H.Z. Lu, H.W. Ma, W.S. Cai, X. Luo, Z. Wang, C.H. Song, S. Yin, C. Yang, Acta Mater. 219, 117261 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. D. Zhang, D. Qiu, M.A. Gibson, Y. Zheng, H.L. Fraser, D.H. StJohn, M.A. Easton, Nature 576, 91 (2019)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. J.H. Martin, B.D. Yahata, J.M. Hundley, J.A. Mayer, T.A. Schaedler, T.M. Pollock, Nature 549, 365 (2017)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. T.L. Zhang, Z.H. Huang, T. Yang, H.J. Kong, J.H. Luan, A.D. Wang, D. Wang, W. Kuo, Y.Z. Wang, C.T. Liu, Science 374, 478 (2021)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. D. Ouyang, P. Zhang, C. Zhang, N. Li, K.C. Chan, L. Liu, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 867, 144745 (2023)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. H.Z. Lu, H.W. Ma, W.S. Cai, X. Luo, S.G. Qu, J. Wang, R. Lupoi, S. Yin, C. Yang, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 303, 117546 (2022)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. H.Z. Lu, L.H. Liu, X. Luo, H.W. Ma, W.S. Cai, R. Lupoi, S. Yin, C. Yang, Mater. Des. 232, 112107 (2023)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. L.C. Zhang, L.Y. Chen, S. Zhou, Z. Luo, J. Alloys Compd. 936, 168099 (2023)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. P. Kurnsteiner, M.B. Wilms, A. Weisheit, B. Gault, E.A. Jagle, D. Raabe, Nature 582, 515 (2020)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. H.Z. Lu, T. Chen, L.H. Liu, H. Wang, X. Luo, C.H. Song, Z. Wang, C. Yang, Virtual Phys. Prototyp. 17, 563 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. T. DebRoy, H.L. Wei, J.S. Zuback, T. Mukherjee, J.W. Elmer, J.O. Milewski, A.M. Beese, A. Wilson-Heid, A. De, W. Zhang, Prog. Mater. Sci. 92, 112 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. P.S. Cook, A.B. Murphy, Addit. Manuf. 31, 100909 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  46. J.H. Tan, W.L.E. Wong, K.W. Dalgarno, Addit. Manuf. 18, 228 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  47. D.D. Gu, W. Meiners, K. Wissenbach, R. Poprawe, Int. Mater. Rev. 57, 133 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. T. Scharowsky, F. Osmanlic, R.F. Singer, C. Körner, Appl. Phys. A 114, 1303 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. N.K. Tolochko, S.E. Mozzharov, I.A. Yadroitsev, T. Laoui, L. Froyen, V.I. Titov, M.B. Ignatiev, Rapid Prototyp. J. 10, 78 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. I. Yadroitsev, P. Bertrand, I. Smurov, Appl. Surf. Sci. 253, 8064 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. I. Yadroitsev, A. Gusarov, I. Yadroitsava, I. Smurov, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 210, 1624 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. J. Wang, R. Zhu, Y. Liu, L. Zhang, Adv. Powder Mater. 2, 100137 (2023)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. J.P. Kruth, G. Levy, F. Klocke, T. Childs, C.I.R.P. Ann, Manuf. Technol. 56, 730 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. E. Louvis, P. Fox, C.J. Sutcliffe, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 211, 275 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. M.J. Matthews, G. Guss, S.A. Khairallah, A.M. Rubenchik, P.J. Depond, W.E. King, Acta Mater. 114, 33 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. S. Das, Adv. Eng. Mater. 5, 701 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. P. Mercelis, J. Kruth, Rapid Prototyp. J. 12, 254 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. M.F. Zaeh, G. Branner, Prod. Eng. 4, 35 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Y.J. Liu, Y.S. Zhang, L.C. Zhang, Materialia 6, 100299 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. R. Ummethala, P.S. Karamched, S. Rathinavelu, N. Singh, A. Aggarwal, K. Sun, E. Ivanov, L. Kollo, I. Okulov, J. Eckert, K.G. Prashanth, Materialia 14, 100941 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. R. Duan, S. Li, B. Cai, W. Zhu, F. Ren, M.M. Attallah, Addit. Manuf. 37, 101708 (2021)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. L. Zhou, T. Yuan, R. Li, J. Tang, M. Wang, L. Li, C. Chen, J. Alloys Compd. 775, 1164 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. C.L. Yang, Z.J. Zhang, S.J. Li, Y.J. Liu, T.B. Sercombe, W.T. Hou, P. Zhang, Y.K. Zhu, Y.L. Hao, Z.F. Zhang, R. Yang, Mater. Des. 157, 52 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. G.H. Zhao, X. Xu, D. Dye, P.E.J. Rivera-Diaz-del-Castillo, Acta Mater. 183, 155 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. X. Luo, L.H. Liu, C. Yang, H.Z. Lu, H.W. Ma, Z. Wang, D.D. Li, L.C. Zhang, Y.Y. Li, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 68, 112 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. M. Niinomi, J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 1, 30 (2008)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. S. Ehtemam-Haghighi, Y. Liu, G. Cao, L.C. Zhang, Mater. Sci. Eng. C 60, 503 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Y.L. Hao, S.J. Li, S.Y. Sun, C.Y. Zheng, R. Yang, Acta Biomater. 3, 277 (2007)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. P. Laheurte, F. Prima, A. Eberhardt, T. Gloriant, M. Wary, E. Patoor, J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 3, 565 (2010)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. M. Abdel-Hady, K. Hinoshita, M. Morinaga, Scr. Mater. 55, 477 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. D. Kuroda, M. Niinomi, M. Morinaga, Y. Kato, T. Yashiro, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 243, 244 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. M. Morinaga, N. Yukawa, T. Maya, K. Sone, H. Adachi, in Sixth World Conference on Titanium. III, 6–9 June 1988, pp. 1601-1606

  73. L. You, X. Song, Scr. Mater. 67, 57 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. T. Saito, T. Furuta, J.H. Hwang, S. Kuramoto, K. Nishino, N. Suzuki, R. Chen, A. Yamada, K. Ito, Y. Seno, T. Nonaka, H. Ikehata, N. Nagasako, C. Iwamoto, Y. Ikuhara, T. Sakuma, Science 300, 464 (2003)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Y.L. Hao, S.J. Li, B.B. Sun, M.L. Sui, R. Yang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 216405 (2007)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. A. Jam, A. du Plessis, C. Lora, S. Raghavendra, M. Pellizzari, M. Benedetti, Addit. Manuf. 50, 102556 (2022)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. M.M. Zhou, P. Wang, L. Xu, L. Deng, J.F. Qi, L.C. Zhang, J. Alloys Compd. 960, 170512 (2023)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. H. Schaal, P. Castany, P. Laheurte, T. Gloriant, J. Alloys Compd. 96, 6171539 (2023)

    Google Scholar 

  79. Q. Shi, S. Yang, Y. Sun, B.V. Meerbeek, C. Politis, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 857, 144101 (2022)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. S. Paul, J. Liu, S.T. Strayer, Y. Zhao, S. Sridar, M.A. Klecka, W. Xiong, A.C. To, Addit. Manuf. 36, 101611 (2020)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. S. Pilz, T. Gustmann, F. Günther, M. Zimmermann, U. Kühn, A. Gebert, Mater. Des. 216, 110516 (2022)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. K. Hagihara, T. Nakano, JOM 74, 1760 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  83. S.H. Sun, K. Hagihara, T. Ishimoto, R. Suganuma, Y.F. Xue, T. Nakano, Addit. Manuf. 47, 102329 (2021)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. T. Ishimoto, K. Hagihara, K. Hisamoto, S.H. Sun, T. Nakano, Scr. Mater. 132, 34 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. T. Nagase, T. Hori, M. Todai, S.-H. Sun, T. Nakano, Mater. Des. 173, 107771 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. W. Chen, C. Chen, X. Zi, X. Cheng, X. Zhang, Y.C. Lin, K. Zhou, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 726, 240 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. N. Nadammal, S. Cabeza, T. Mishurova, T. Thiede, A. Kromm, C. Seyfert, L. Farahbod, C. Haberland, J.A. Schneider, P.D. Portella, G. Bruno, Mater. Des. 134, 139 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. N.S. Moghaddam, S. Saedi, A. Amerinatanzi, A. Hinojos, A. Ramazani, J. Kundin, M.J. Mills, H. Karaca, M. Elahinia, Sci. Rep. 9, 41 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  89. A. Hadadzadeh, B.S. Amirkhiz, J. Li, M. Mohammadi, Addit. Manuf. 23, 121 (2018)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. M.J. Bermingham, D.H. StJohn, J. Krynen, S. Tedman-Jones, M.S. Dargusch, Acta Mater. 168, 261 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. B. Vrancken, L. Thijs, J.P. Kruth, J. Van Humbeeck, Acta Mater. 68, 150 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. S.E. Saghaian, M. Nematollahi, G. Toker, A. Hinojos, N. Shayesteh Moghaddam, S. Saedi, C.Y. Lu, M. Javad Mahtabi, M.J. Mills, M. Elahinia, H.E. Karaca, Opt. Laser Technol. 149, 107680 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  93. J.G. Pauza, W.A. Tayon, A.D. Rollett, Modell. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. 29, 055019 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  94. F. Xiong, C. Huang, O.L. Kafka, Y. Lian, W. Yan, M. Chen, D. Fang, Mater. Des. 199, 109410 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. T. Ishimoto, S. Wu, Y. Ito, S.-H. Sun, H. Amano, T. Nakano, ISIJ Int. 60, 1758 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. X. Luo, T. Song, A. Gebert, K. Neufeld, I. Kaban, H. Ma, W. Cai, H. Lu, D. Li, N. Li, Y. Li, C. Yang, Adv. Sci. 10, 2302884 (2023)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. J. Li, S.J. Li, Y.L. Hao, H.H. Huang, Y. Bai, Y.Q. Hao, Z. Guo, J.Q. Xue, R. Yang, Acta Biomater. 10, 2866 (2014)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. R. Huang, Y. Han, Mater. Sci. Eng. C 33, 2353 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. R. Ummethala, J. Jayaraj, P.S. Karamched, S. Rathinavelu, N. Singh, K.B. Surreddi, K.G. Prashanth, J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 30, 7967 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. P. Qin, Y. Chen, Y.J. Liu, J. Zhang, L.Y. Chen, Y. Li, X. Zhang, C. Cao, H. Sun, L.C. Zhang, A.C.S. Biomater, Sci. Eng. 5, 1141 (2019)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. L.Y. Chen, H.Y. Zhang, C. Zheng, H.Y. Yang, P. Qin, C. Zhao, S. Lu, S.X. Liang, L. Chai, L.C. Zhang, Mater. Des. 208, 109907 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. K. Prasad, O. Bazaka, M. Chua, M. Rochford, L. Fedrick, J. Spoor, R. Symes, M. Tieppo, C. Collins, A. Cao, D. Markwell, K.K. Ostrikov, K. Bazaka, Materials 10, 884 (2017)

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  103. M. Geetha, A.K. Singh, R. Asokamani, A.K. Gogia, Prog. Mater. Sci. 54, 397 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. J.P. Luo, J.F. Sun, Y.J. Huang, J.H. Zhang, Y.D. Zhang, D.P. Zhao, M. Yan, Mater. Sci. Eng. C 97, 275 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. D. Zhao, C. Han, J. Li, J. Liu, Q. Wei, Mater. Sci. Eng. C 111, 110784 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. W. Kong, S.C. Cox, Y. Lu, V. Villapun, X. Xiao, W. Ma, M. Liu, M.M. Attallah, Mater. Sci. Eng. C 131, 112486 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. L. Yan, Y. Yuan, L. Ouyang, H. Li, A. Mirzasadeghi, L. Li, J. Alloys Compd. 688, 156 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Y. Guo, J. Wu, K. Xie, J. Tan, Y. Yang, S. Zhao, L. Wang, W. Jiang, Y. Hao, A.C.S. Biomater, Sci. Eng. 5, 6463 (2019)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Y. Sun, Y. Song, J. Zuo, S. Wang, Z. Gao, RSC Adv. 5, 101794 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Z. Liu, T. Chen, W.S. Cai, H.Z. Lu, Z.C. Lu, D. Wang, X.Q. Li, X.Y. Zhang, C. Yang, Scr. Mater. 236, 115662 (2023)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. W. Kong, V.M. Villapun, Y. Lu, L.N. Carter, M. Kuang, S. Cox, M.M. Attallah, J. Alloys Compd. 929, 167264 (2022)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52304397 and U19A2085), the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (Nos. 2022B1515120082 and 2019B030302010), the Guangdong Science and Technology Innovation Project (No. 2021TX06C111), and the Optical Valley Science Research Project, WEHDZ (No. 2019001).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China

    Xuan Luo & Dongdong Li

  2. National Engineering Research Center of Near-Net-Shape Forming for Metallic Materials, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Processing and Forming of Advanced Metallic Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China

    Chao Yang

  3. Centre for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing, School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Perth, WA, 6027, Australia

    Lai-Chang Zhang

Authors
  1. Xuan Luo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Chao Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Dongdong Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Lai-Chang Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Chao Yang, Dongdong Li or Lai-Chang Zhang.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors state that there are no conflicts of interest to disclose.

Additional information

Available online at http://link.springer.com/journal/40195

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Luo, X., Yang, C., Li, D. et al. Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Beta-Type Titanium Alloys for Biomedical Application: A Review. Acta Metall. Sin. (Engl. Lett.) 37, 17–28 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40195-023-01654-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40195-023-01654-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation