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Genetic, Social, and Lifestyle Drivers of Healthy Aging and Longevity

  • Clinical Genetics (U Fairbrother, Section Editor)
  • Published:
Current Genetic Medicine Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of Review

“Healthy aging” is the state of the aging process in which a person can maintain physical, social, mental, and spiritual wellness. This literature review presents an overview of recent studies that explore how biological, social, and environmental factors contribute to healthy aging.

Recent Findings

A number of genome-wide association studies have been conducted recently for traits related to healthy aging, such as frailty index, healthspan, muscle strength, and parental longevity, leading to the discovery of dozens of genetic variants associated with these traits. In parallel, associations between healthy aging measures and multiple non-biological environmental elements have been identified as key moderators of the aging process, indirectly influencing day-to-day homeostatic processes.

Summary

Individual variations in lifespan and healthspan are influenced by genetic factors, with a heritability of ~ 25% in developed countries. Non-genetic risk variance is explained in part by social, cultural, and lifestyle conditions. Altogether, these factors contribute to a multifaceted state of wellness over time, shaping individual risk to frailty and resilience during the aging process. Notably, “Blue Zone” populations, which are characterized by an abundance in healthy lifestyles across generations, share some commonalities regarding determinants of health.

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Acknowledgements

SDPE and MER are Atlantic Fellows for Equity in Brain Health at the Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI) and thank GBHI for supporting their work. MER thanks support from the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council and Australian Research Council (GNT1102821).

Funding

Funding in support of this work includes the NIH NIA grants R01 AG062588 and R01 AG057234, the Alzheimer’s Association (SG-20–725707-ReDLat), the Rainwater Charitable Foundation, and the Mary Oakley Foundation to JSY.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Patricia Alejandra Castruita and Stefanie Danielle Piña-Escudero contributed equally to this work. Miguel E. Rentería and Jennifer S. Yokoyama jointly supervised this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Patricia Alejandra Castruita, Stefanie Danielle Piña-Escudero & Jennifer S. Yokoyama

  2. Health Equity Research Lab, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Patricia Alejandra Castruita

  3. Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Stefanie Danielle Piña-Escudero, Miguel E. Rentería & Jennifer S. Yokoyama

  4. Department of Neurology, Weill Institute of Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Jennifer S. Yokoyama

  5. Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Jennifer S. Yokoyama

  6. Mental Health & Neuroscience Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Insitute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

    Miguel E. Rentería

Authors
  1. Patricia Alejandra Castruita
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  2. Stefanie Danielle Piña-Escudero
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  3. Miguel E. Rentería
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  4. Jennifer S. Yokoyama
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Miguel E. Rentería or Jennifer S. Yokoyama.

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Castruita, P.A., Piña-Escudero, S.D., Rentería, M.E. et al. Genetic, Social, and Lifestyle Drivers of Healthy Aging and Longevity. Curr Genet Med Rep 10, 25–34 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40142-022-00205-w

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