Abstract
The microstructural properties and magnetic signature of magnesium ferrite nanoparticles are discussed in this review. The main purpose of the analysis is to focus on different synthesis methods, change in pH (hydrogen potential), change in annealing temperature (calcinations temperature: 400–1000 °C), change in dopant concentration and change in surfactant (PVP, PVA and PEG). pH values (9–11) are essential for obtaining fine nanoparticles and for adjusting the positively charged surface of the absorbent material. Also, more attraction to complex negatively charged ions. Magnetic signatures of magnetic materials are classified using annealing temperature. The structural and magnetic parameters were most affected by the annealing temperature. In composite materials of magnetic signature tuned by surfactant, non-magnetic clouds separate the magnetic fields. The surfactant primarily induces a decrease in concentration magnetization (Ms) and residual magnetization (Mr). The change in pH, annealing temperature, surfactant change and dopant concentration in magnesium ferrite compounds cause charge imbalance. Therefore, oxygen vacancies are created to increase the dopant levels and annealing temperature. Most of the magnesium ferrite research articles support superparamagnetism.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Hussein, S.I., Elkady, A.S., Rashad, M.M., Mostafa, A.G., Megahid, R.M.: Structural and magnetic properties of magnesium ferrite nanoparticles prepared via EDTA-based sol–gel reaction. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 379, 9–15 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2014.11.079
GoodarzNaseri, M., Ara, M.H.M., Saion, E.B., Shaari, A.H.: Superparamagnetic magnesium ferrite nanoparticles fabricated by a simple, thermal-treatment method. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 350, 141–147 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2013.08.032
Ichiyanagi, Y., Kubota, M., Moritake, S., Kanazawa, Y., Yamada, T., Uehashi, T.: Magnetic properties of Mg-ferrite nanoparticles. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 310(2), 2378–2380 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2006.10.737
Sagayaraj, R., Aravazhi, S., Selva-kumar, C., Senthil-kumar, S., Chandrasekaran, G.: Tuning of ferrites (CoxFe3-xO4) nanoparticles by co-precipitation technique. SN Appl. Sci. 1(3), 271 (2019)
Sharon, V.S., Gopalan, V.E., Al-Omari, I.A., Malini, K.A.: Superparamagnetic nickel ferrite nanoparticles doped with zinc by modified sol–gel method. J. Supercond. Nov. Magn. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10948-021-06110-7
Pawar, D.B., Khirade, P.P., Vinayak, V., et al.: Sol–gel auto-ignition fabrication of Gd3+ incorporated Ni0.5Co0.5Fe2O4 multifunctional spinel ferrite nanocrystals and its impact on structural, optical and magnetic properties. SN Appl. Sci. 2, 1713 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-03505-4
Heiba, Z.K., Sanad, M.M.S., Mohamed, M.B.: Influence of Mg-deficiency on the functional properties of magnesium ferrite anode material. Solid State Ion. 341, 115042 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2019.115042
Šepelák, V., Menzel, M., Becker, K.D., Krumeich, F.: Mechanochemical reduction of magnesium ferrite. J. Phys. Chem. B 106(26), 6672–6678 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1021/jp020270z
Mostafa, N.Y., Zaki, Z., Hessien, M.M., Shaltout, A.A., Alsawat, M.: Enhancing saturation magnetization of Mg ferrite nanoparticles for better magnetic recoverable photocatalyst. Appl. Phys. A 124, 12 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-018-2268-z
Chen, D., LiZhang, D.Y., Kang, Z.: Preparation of magnesium ferrite nanoparticles by ultrasonic wave-assisted aqueous solution ball milling. Ultrason. Sonochem. 20(6), 1337–1340 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2013.04.001
Sumangala, T.P., Mahender, C., Venkataramani, N., Prasad, S.: A study of nanosized magnesium ferrite particles with high magnetic moment. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 382, 225–232 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2015.01.056
Das, H., Sakamoto, N., Aono, H., Shinozaki, K., Suzuki, H., Wakiya, N.: Investigations of superparamagnetism in magnesium ferrite nano-sphere synthesized by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis technique for hyperthermia application. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 392, 91–100 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2015.05.029
Durrani, S.K., Naz, S., Mehmood, M., Nadeem, M., Siddique, M.: Structural, impedance and Mössbauer studies of magnesium ferrite synthesized via sol–gel auto-combustion process. J. Saudi Chem. Soc. 21(8), 899–910 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jscs.2015.12.006
Sumangala, T.P., Mahender, C., Sahu, B.N., Venkataramani, N., Prasad, S.: Study of magnesium ferrite nano particles with excess iron content. Phys. B 448, 312–315 (2014)
Maensiri, S., Sangmanee, M., Wiengmoon, A.: Magnesium Ferrite (MgFe2O4) nanostructures fabricated by electrospinning. Nanoscale Res. Lett. 4(3), 221–228 (2008)
Sagayaraj, R., Aravazhi, S., Chandrasekaran, G.: Synthesis, spectroscopy, and magnetic characterizations of PVP-assisted nanoscale particle. J. Supercond. Novel Magn. (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10948-018-4593-z
Jaiswal, A.K., Sikarwar, S., Singh, S., Dey, K.K., Yadav, B.C., Yadav, R.R.: Fabrication of nanostructured magnesium ferrite polyhedrons and their applications in heat transfer management and gas/humidity sensors. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-019-01099-1
Zheng, L., Fang, K., Zhang, M., Nan, Z., Zhao, L., Zhou, D., Li, W., et al.: Tuning of spinel magnesium ferrite nanoparticles with enhanced magnetic properties. RSC Adv. 8(68), 39177–39181 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ra07487a
Franco, A., Silva, M.S.: High temperature magnetic properties of magnesium ferrite nanoparticles. J. Appl. Phys. 109(7), 07B505 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3536790
Ghomi, J.S., Akbarzadeh, Z.: Ultrasonic accelerated Knoevenagel condensation by magnetically recoverable MgFe2O4 nanocatalyst: a rapid and green synthesis of coumarins under solvent-free conditions. Ultrason. Sonochem. 40, 78–83 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.06.022
Shahjuee, T., Masoudpanah, S.M., Mirkazemi, S.M.: Thermal decomposition synthesis of MgFe2O4 nanoparticles for magnetic hyperthermia. J. Supercond. Novel Magn. (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10948-018-4834-1
Bououdina, M., Al-Najar, B., Falamarzi, L., Judith-Vijaya, J., Shaikh, M.N., Bellucci, S.: Effect of annealing on phase formation, microstructure and magnetic properties of MgFe2O4 nanoparticles for hyperthermia. Eur. Phys. J. Plus 134, 3 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/i2019-12485-5
Sripriya, R.C., Mahendiran, M., Madahavan, J., Raj, V.A.M.: Enhanced magnetic properties of MgFe2O4 nanoparticles. Mater. Today Proc. 8, 310–314 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.02.116
Eshtehardian, B., Rouhani, M., Mirjafary, Z.: Green protocol for synthesis of MgFe2O4 nanoparticles and study of their activity as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of chromene and pyran derivatives under ultrasound irradiation. J. Iran. Chem. Soc. (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13738-019-01783-3
Pendyala, S.K., Thyagarajan, K., Gurusampath Kumar, A., Obulapathi, L.: Investigations on physical properties of Mg ferrite nanoparticles for microwave applications. J. Microw. Power Electromagn. Energy. (2019). https://doi.org/10.1080/08327823.2019.1569898
Joulaei, M., Hedayati, K., Ghanbari, D.: Investigation of magnetic, mechanical and flame retardant properties of polymeric nanocomposites: green synthesis of MgFe2O4 by lime and orange extracts. Compos. B Eng. (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107345
Heiba, Z.K., Mohamed, M.B.: Effect of magnesium deficiency on magnetic properties tuning and cation redistributions of magnesium ferrite nanoparticles. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-018-0348-7
Thankachan, S., Xavier, S., Jacob, B., Mohammed, E.M.: A comparative study of structural, electrical and magnetic properties of magnesium ferrite nanoparticles synthesised by sol-gel and co-precipitation techniques. J. Exp. Nanosci. 8(3), 347–357 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1080/17458080.2012.690892
Singh, R.P., Venkataraju, C.: Effect of calcinations on the structural and magnetic properties of magnesium ferrite nanoparticles prepared by sol gel method. Chin. J. Phys. (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjph.2018.07.005
Hammache, Z., Soukeur, A., Omeiri, S., Bellal, B., Trari, M.: Physical and photo-electrochemical properties of MgFe2O4 prepared by sol gel route: application to the photodegradation of methylene blue. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-019-00830-2
Argish, V., Chithra, M., Anumol, C.N., Sahu, B.N., Sahoo, S.C.: Magnetic studies of magnesium ferrite nanoparticles prepared by sol-gel technique. AIP Conf. Proc. (2015). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4917736
Verma, B., Balomajumder, C.: Magnetic magnesium ferrite–doped multi-walled carbon nanotubes: an advanced treatment of chromium-containing wastewater. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-07988-x
Tang, W., Su, Y., Li, Q., Gao, S., Shang, J.K.: Mg-doping: a facile approach to impart enhanced arsenic adsorption performance and easy magnetic separation capability to α-Fe2O3nanoadsorbents. J. Mater. Chem. A 1(3), 830–836 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1039/c2ta00271j
Andrei, I., Marina, R., Varsha, S., Vladimir, P., Tetiana, D., Svitlana, N., Vladimir, P., Ahmad, H.-B., Hai, N.T., Mika, S.: Effct of metal ions adsorption on the effiency of methylene blue degradation onto MgFe2O4 as Fenton-like catalysts. Colloids Surf. A 571(2019), 17–26 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.03.071
Manikandan, M., Manimuthu, P., Venkateswaran, C.: Structural and magnetic properties of MgFe2O4 ceramic. AIP Conf. Proc. (2014). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4862018
Thompson, Z., Rahman, S., Yarmolenko, S., Sankar, J., Kumar, D., Bhattarai, N.: Fabrication and characterization of magnesium ferrite-based PCL/Aloe vera nanofibers. Materials 10(8), 937 (2017). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10080937
Udhayan, S., Udayakumar, R., Sagayaraj, R., Gurusamy, K., et al.: Evaluation of bioactive potential of a tragia involucrata healthy leaf extract @ ZnO nanoparticles. BioNanoSci. 11, 703–719 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12668-021-00864-z
Sagayaraj, R., Aravazhi, S., Chandrasekaran, G.: Microstructure and magnetic properties of Cu0.5Co0.3Mo0.2Fe2O4 ferrite nanoparticles synthesized by Coprecipitation method. Appl. Phys. A 127(7), 502 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-021-04653-z
Sagayaraj, R., Aravazhi, S., Chandrasekaran, G.: Review on structural and magnetic properties of (Co–Zn) ferrite nanoparticles. Int. Nano Lett. 11(4), 307–319 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40089-021-00343-z
Sagayaraj, R., Jegadheeswari, M., Aravazhi, S., Chandrasekaran, G., Dhanalakshmi, A.: Structural, spectroscopic and magnetic study of nanocrystalline terbium-nickel ferrite by oxalate co-precipitation method. Chem. Afr. 3, 955–963 (2020)
Sagayaraj, R., Dhineshkumar, T., Prakash, A., Aravazhi, S., Chandrasekaran, G., Jayarajan, D., Sebastian, S.: Fabrication, microstructure, morphological and magnetic properties of W-type ferrite by co-precipitation method: antibacterial activity. Chem. Phys. Lett. 759, 137944 (2020)
Peng, X., Xu, D., Yang, X., Zhang, Z., Ren, G., Yang, L., Wang, X., et al.: A new green synthesis method of magnesium ferrite from ferrous sulfate waste. J. Alloy. Compd. 756, 117–125 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.05.006
Thanh, N.K., Loan, T.T., Duong, N.P., Anh, L.N., Nguyet, D.T.T., Nam, N.H., Hien, T.D., et al.: Cation distribution assisted tuning of magnetization in nanosized magnesium ferrite. Phys. Status Solidi (a) 215(1), 1700397 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.201700397
Acknowledgements
Author thank PG & Research Department of Physics, St. Joseph’s College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Cuddalore—607001, Tamil Nadu, India for providing Library facility.
Funding
The authors received no funding from any of the agencies.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
There is no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sagayaraj, R. A review on structural and magnetic properties of magnesium ferrite nanoparticles. Int Nano Lett 12, 345–350 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40089-022-00368-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40089-022-00368-y