Abstract
The magnetization process of activated carbons prepared from coffee residue was performed according to two protocols: The first one involved a chemical impregnation with a mixture of two salts: FeSO4·7H2O and FeCl3, followed by a treatment with NaOH (2 M). The second procedure required an impregnation with both salts mentioned above, taken alone or in mixture, followed by a pyrolysis at 600 °C during an hour. A commercial activated carbon treated in the same way was used as reference. Physicochemical analysis of all materials revealed that activated carbon treated with iron sulfate (FeSO4·7H2O) alone contains magnetite; activated carbon prepared with iron chloride (FeCl3) alone contains magnetite, while activated carbon prepared with a combination of both salts contains magnetite and maghemite. Adsorption tests for the sulfamethazine removal from the aqueous phase were carried out at pH = 6 and pH = 4. Magnetized carbon prepared with an impregnation ratio of 75% iron sulfate followed by pyrolysis gave the most effective performance with an elimination efficiency of 64.12% of sulfamethazine.
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Acknowledgements
We gratefully acknowledge the help received from Pr. F. BOUDRAHAM (Professor of Process Engineering, University of Bejaia) for the manuscript corrections and Dr. S. ZIANI (Professor of Process Engineering, University of BOUIRA, ALGERIA) for the spectral analysis of the adsorbents. The authors are thankful to Miss BRADAI and Miss BENAMOR for providing facilities to realize all the solutions analysis. The authors are also grateful to Mr BENIDER and Mr MAMAS to have performed the structural and thermal analyses for the different prepared adsorbents.
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khenniche, l., Saidou Souleymane, M., Chemache, Z. et al. Single-step and two-step syntheses of magnetic carbons from coffee residue: elimination of sulfamethazine by adsorption. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 20, 755–768 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-022-04116-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-022-04116-9