Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Maize and soybean intercropping under different seed rates of soybean under ecological condition of Bilecik, Turkey

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study investigated to detect the suitable planting patterns for intercropped maize with soybean without changing the sowing rate of maize on agronomic characters and forage yield and to evaluate the advantages of the intercropping system in Bilecik ecological condition, in 2015 and 2016 growing seasons. The research was planned as containing five different intercropping systems with three replications at Bilecik location. Also for control purposes, pure maize and pure soybean parcels were created within these intercropping systems. The result in this study of the main effect of increasing soybean ratio in maize and soybean intercropping systems indicated that maize forage yield per unit area improved in both growing seasons. In intercrops, crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentration were changed by soybean contribution, since ADF and NDF values of intercropping systems were lower than those of pure maize. An increase in CP concentration and a decrease in fiber value (ADF, NDF) in soybean get better forage quality of intercropped assessment and significantly contribute to improving forage quality with regard to energy, ADF and NDF. In addition to the land equivalent ratio higher intercrops than pure plants. The result of the study also indicated that farmers would produce more forage by intercropping MZ+70%SB pattern system than sole cropping of the plants.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Akhtar MF, Azraf-ul-Haq Ahmad AH, IbniZamir MS, Khalid F, Mohsin AU, Afzal M (2013) Agro-qualitative studies on forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) sown alone and in mixture with forage legumes. Pak J Sci 65(2):179–185

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • AOAC (1990) Official methods of analysis of the AOAC, 15th ed. Methods 932.06, 925.09, 985.29, 923.03. Association of official analytical chemists. Arlington, VA, USA

  • Atungwu JJ, Afolami SO (2001) Field assessment of resistance of some Glycine max (L.) Merrill) lines and varieties to Meloidogyne spp using a combination of gall-index and grain yield. Trop Oil Seeds J 6:41–49

    Google Scholar 

  • Awal MA, Koshi H, Ikeda T (2006) Radiation interception and use by maize/peanut intercrop canopy. Agric For Meteorol 139:74–83

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Banik P, Midya A, Sarkar BK, Ghose SS (2006) Wheat and chickpea intercropping systems in an additive series experiment: advantages and weed smothering. Eur J Agro 24:325–332

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Caviglia OP, Sadras VO, Andrade FH (2004) Intensification of agriculture in the south-eastern Pampas I: capture and efficiency in the use of water and radiation in double-cropped wheat–soybean. Field Crops Res 87:117–129

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Demirel M, Celik S, Temur C, Guney M, Celik S (2009) Determination of fermentation properties and digestibility characteristics of combination of corn-soybean and corn silages. J Anim Vet Adv 8:711–714

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Erdoğdu İ, Altınok S, Genç A (2013) Farklı Sıralara Ekilen Mısır ve Soya Bitkisinde Ekim Oranlarının Bazı Bitkisel Özellikler ve Yem Verimine Etkileri. Biyoloji Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi 6 (1): 06–10, 2013 ISSN: 1308-3961, E-ISSN: 1308-0261, www.nobel.gen.tr

  • Fan F, Zhang F, Song Y, Sun J, Bao X, Guo T, Li L (2006) Nitrogen fixation of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) interacting with a non-legume in two contrasting intercropping systems. Plant Soil 283:275–286

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • General Directorate of Meteorology (2017) İllerimize Ait İstatistik Verileri. Erişim Tarihi:08.10.2017. https://www.mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?m=BILECIK

  • Hiebsch C, Tetio-Kagho F, Chirembo FP (1995) Plant density and soybean maturity in a soybean-maize intercrop. Agron J 87:965–970

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Javanmard A, Mohammadi Nasab AD, Javanshir A, Moghaddam M, Janmohammadi H (2009) Forage yield and quality in intercropping of maize with different legumes as double-cropped. J Food Agric Environ 7:163–166

    Google Scholar 

  • Jensen ES (1996) Grain yield, symbiotic N2 fixation and interspecific competition for inorganic N in pea-barley intercrops. Plant Soil 182:25–38

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lithourgidis SA, Dordas AC, Damalas AC, Vlachostergios ND (2011) Annual intercrops: An alternative pathway for sustainable agriculture. Aust J Crop Sc 5(4): 396–410, ISSN:1835-2707

  • Mead R, Willey RW (1980) The concept of land equivalent ratio and advantages in yields from intercropping. Exp Agric 16:217–228

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Muneer AP, Fida HM, Mumtaz AK, Muhammad IS (2004) Performance of maize in intercropping system with soybean under different planting patterns and nitrogen levels. J Appl Sci 4:201–204. https://doi.org/10.3923/jas.2004.201.204

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Muoneke CO, Asiegbu JE (1997) Effects of okra planting density and spatial arrangement in intercrop with maize on the growth and yield of the component species. J Agron Crop Sci 179:201–207

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Callaghan JR, Maende C, Wyseure GCL (1994) Modelling the intercropping of maize and beans in Kenya. Comput Electron Agric 11:351–365

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ofori F, Stern WR (1987) Cereal-legume intercropping systems. Adv Agron 41:41–90

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Olufajo OO (1992) Response of soybean to intercropping with maize in a sub-humid tropical environment. Trop Oil Seeds J 1:27–33

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillip ER, James A, Simpsonb NV, Thevathasanb A, Gordon M (2007) Effects of tree competition on corn and soybean photosynthesis, growth, and yield in a temperate tree-based agroforestry intercropping system in southern Ontario, Canada. Ecol Eng 29:362–371

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raji JA (2006) Intercropping soybean and maize in a derived savanna ecology. Afr J Biotechnol 6(16):1885–1887, 20 August 2007. http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB. ISSN 1684–5315 © 2007 Academic Journals

  • Rao MR, Singh M (1990) Productivity and risk evaluation in contrasting intercropping systems. Field Crop Res 23:279–293

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rusinamhodzi L, Corbeels M, Nyamangara J, Giller KE (2012) Maize-grain legume intercropping as an attractive option for ecological intensification that reduces climatic risk for smallholder farmers in central Mozambique. Field Crop Res 136:12–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saucke H, Ackermann K (2006) Weed suppression in mixed cropped grain peas and false flax (Camelina sativa). Weed Res 46:453–461

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Silwana TT, Lucas EO (2002) The effect of planting combinations and weeding and yield of component crops of maize-bean and maize-pumpkin intercrops. J Agric Sci 138:193–200

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Szumigalski A, Van Acker R (2005) Weed suppression and crop production in annual intercrops. Weed Sci 53:813–825

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tansı V (1987) Çukurova Bölgesinde Mısır ve Soyanın Ikinci Ürün Olarak Değişik Ekim Sistemlerinde Birlikte Yetiştirilmesinin Tane ve Hasıl Verimine Etkisi Üzerinde Araştırmalar. Çukurova Üniv. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, Adana

  • Van Soest PJ (1994) Nutritional ecology of the ruminant, 2nd edn. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, p 528

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Soest PJ, Robertson JD, Lewis BA (1991) Methods for dietary fibre, neutral detergent fibre and non-starch poly saccharine in relation to animal nutrition. J Dairy Sci 74:3583–3597

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vandermeer J (1989) The ecology of ıntercropping. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p 237

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Willey RW (1990) Resource use in intercropping systems. Agric Water Manag 17:215–231

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yan YH, Gong WZ, Yang WY, Wan Y, Chen XL, Chen ZQ, Wang LY (2010) Seed treatment with uniconazole powder improves soybean seedling growth under shading by corn in relay strip intercropping system. Plant Prod Sci 13:367–374

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yavuz M (2005) Bazı ruminant yemlerinin nispi yem değeri ve in vitro sindirim değerlerinin belirlenmesi. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 22(1):97–101

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The author wishes to thank all who assisted in conducting this work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Agriculture and Science Faculty Field Crop Department, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, 011230, Bilecik, Turkey

    S. Kızıl Aydemir

Authors
  1. S. Kızıl Aydemir
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. Kızıl Aydemir.

Additional information

Editorial responsibility: Iskender Akkurt.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kızıl Aydemir, S. Maize and soybean intercropping under different seed rates of soybean under ecological condition of Bilecik, Turkey. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 16, 5163–5170 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-018-1986-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-018-1986-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation