Abstract
The bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa BCH decolorized and degraded the sulphonated azo dye Remazol Orange in plain distilled water. The effects of different parameters, i.e. pH, temperature and cell mass concentration on the biodegradation of dye in aqueous phase was evaluated using response surface methodology. Optimization was carried out using three-level Box–Behnken design. Predicted values were found to be in good agreement with experimental values (R 2 0.9997 and pred R 2 0.9984), which indicated suitability of the employed model and the success of response surface methodology. Optimum dye decolorization was maximized and the favourable conditions were pH 7.43, temperature 29.39 °C and cell mass concentration 2.88 g l−1, which resulted in 96.01 % decolorization within 5 h. It was validated from the predicted response (97.37 %). According to the analysis of variance results, the proposed model can be used to navigate the design space. 3D plot analysis disclosed the significant interaction between all three tested factors on decolorization process. The combinations of the three variables predicted during response surface methodology were confirmed through confirmatory experiments. Observations indicated that higher cell mass accelerated the decolorization process. Degradation of the dye was verified through high performance liquid chromatography analysis. Phytotoxicity studies carried out with dye and dye metabolites using Phaseolus mungo, Triticum aestivum and Sorghum vulgare indicated the detoxification of dye.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anderson M, Whitcomb P (2005) RSM simplified—optimizing process using response surface methods for design of experiments. Productivity Press, New York, p 13
Asad S, Amoozegar MA, Pourbabaee AA, Sarbolouki MN, Dastgheib SMM (2007) Decolorization of textile azo dyes by newly isolated halophilic and halotolerant bacteria. Bioresour Technol 98(11):2082–2088
Ayed L, Khelifi E, Jannet H, Miladi H, Cheref A, Achour S, Bakhrouf A (2010) Response surface methodology for decolorization of azo dye Methyl orange by bacterial consortium: produced enzymes and metabolites characterization. Chem Eng J 165(1):200–208
Ayed L, Mahdhi A, Cheref A, Bakhrouf A (2011) Decolorization and degradation of azo dye Methyl red by an isolated Sphingomonas paucimobilis: biotoxicity and metabolites characterization. Desalination 274(1–3):272–277. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011916411001500-af0005#af0005
Bae S, Shoda M (2005) Statistical optimization of culture conditions for bacterial cellulose production using Box–Behnken design. Biotechnol Bioeng 90(1):20–28
Bhattacharya S, Banerjee R (2008) Laccase mediated biodegradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol using response surface methodology. Chemosphere 73(1):81–85
Box G, Behnken D (1960) Some new three level designs for the study of quantitative variables. Technometrics 2(4):455–475
Brown D, Hamburger B (1987) The degradation of dyestuffs: part III—investigations of their ultimate degradability. Chemosphere 16(7):1539–1553
Chang J, Chou C, Lin Y, Lin P, Ho J, Hu T (2001) Kinetic characteristics of bacterial azo dye decolorization by Pseudomonas luteola. Water Res 35(12):2841–2850
Dhanve RS, Shedbalkar UU, Jadhav JP (2008) Biodegradation of diazo dye reactive navy blue HE2R (Reactive blue 172) by an isolated Exiguobacterium sp. RD3. Biotechnol Bioprocess Eng 13(1):1–8
Fan Y, Wang Y, Qian P, Gu J (2004) Optimization of phthalic acid batch biodegradation and the use of modified Richards model for modelling degradation. Inter Biodeterior Biodegrad 53(1):57–63
Fang H, Wenrong H, Yuezhong L (2004) Biodegradation mechanisms and kinetics of azo dye 4BS by a microbial consortium. Chemosphere 57(4):293–301
Gopinath KP, Murugesan S, Abraham J, Muthukumar K (2009) Bacillus sp. mutant for improved biodegradation of Congo red: random mutagenesis approach. Bioresour Technol 100(24):6295–6300
Gou M, Qu Y, Zhou J, Mab F, Tan L (2009) Azo dye decolorization by a new fungal isolate Penicillium sp. QQ and fungal-bacterial cocultures. J Hazard Mater 170(1):314–319
Jadhav JP, Govindwar SP (2006) Biotransformation of malachite green by Saccharomyces cerevisiae MTCC 463. Yeast 23(4):315–323
Jadhav JP, Parshetti GK, Kalme SD, Govindwar SP (2007) Decolourization of azo dye methyl red by Saccharomyces cerevisiae MTCC 463. Chemosphere 68(2):394–400
Jadhav UU, Dawkar VV, Tamboli DP, Govindwar SP (2009) Purification and characterization of veratryl alcohol oxidase from Comamonas sp. UVS and its role in decolorization of textile dyes. Biotechnol Bioprocess Eng 14(3):369–376
Jadhav JP, Phugare SS, Dhanve RS, Jadhav SB (2010) Rapid biodegradation and decolorization of direct orange 39 (Orange TGLL) by an isolated bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain BCH. Biodegradation 21(3):453–463
Jadhav SB, Phugare SS, Patil PS, Jadhav JP (2011) Biochemical degradation pathway of textile dye Remazol red and subsequent toxicological evaluation by cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and oxidative stress studies. Inter Biodeterior Biodegrad 65(6):733–743
Muralidhar RV, Chirumamila RR, Marchant R, Nigam P (2001) A response surface approach for the comparison of lipase production by Candida cylindracea using two different carbon sources. Biochem Eng J 9(1):17–23
Murugesan K, Dhamija A, Nam I, Kim Y, Chang Y (2007) Decolourization of reactive black 5 by laccase: optimization by response surface methodology. Dyes Pigm 75(1):176–184
Nyanhongo GS, Gomes J, Gubitz G, Zvauya R, Read JS, Steiner W (2002) Production of laccase by a newly isolated strain of Trametes modesta. Bioresour Technol 84(3):259–263
Patil PS, Shedbalkar UU, Kalyani DC, Jadhav JP (2008) Biodegradation of Reactive Blue 59 by isolated bacterial consortium PMB11. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 35(10):1181–1190
Patil P, Phugare S, Jadhav S, Jadhav J (2010) Communal action of microbial cultures for Red HE3B degradation. J Hazard Mater 181(1–3):263–270
Phugare SS, Patil PS, Govindwar SP, Jadhav JP (2010) Exploitation of yeast biomass generated as a waste product of distillery industry for remediation of textile industry effluent. Inter Biodeterior Biodegrad 64(8):716–726
Pujari V, Chandra T (2000) Statistical optimization of medium components for enhanced riboflavin production by a UV-mutant of Eremothecium ashbyii. Process Biochem 36(1–2):31–37
Salokhe MD, Govindwar SP (1999) Effect of carbon source on the biotransformation enzyme in Serratia marcescens. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 15(2):229–232
Sandhya S, Padmavathy S, Swaminathan K, Subrahmanyam Y, Kaul S (2005) Microaerophilic-aerobic sequential batch reactor for treatment of azo dyes containing simulated wastewater. Process Biochem 40(2):885–890
Sharma P, Singh L, Dilbaghi N (2009a) Response surface methodological approach for the decolorization of simulated dye effluent using Aspergillus fumigatus Fresenius. J Hazard Mater 161(2–3):1081–1086
Sharma P, Singh L, Dilbaghi N (2009b) Optimization of process variables for decolorization of Disperse Yellow 211 by Bacillus subtilis using Box–Behnken design. J Hazard Mater 164(2–3):1024–1029
Singh S, Pakshirajan K, Daverey A (2010) Enhanced decolourization of Direct Red-80 dye by the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium employing sequential design of experiments. Biodegradation 21(4):501–511
Surwase SN, Jadhav JP (2011) Bioconversion of l-tyrosine to L-DOPA by a novel bacterium Bacillus sp. JPJ. Amino Acids 41(2):495–506
Trupkin S, Levin L, Forchiassin F, Viale A (2003) Optimization of a culture medium for ligninolytic enzyme production and synthetic dye decolorization using response surface methodology. J Indian Microbiol Biotechnol 30(12):682–690
Wang Y, Fan Y, Gu J (2004) Dimethyl phthalate ester degradation by two planktonic and immobilized bacterial consortia. Inter Biodeterior Biodegrad 53(2):93–101
Zhou J, Yu X, Ding C, Wang Z, Zhou Q, Pao H, Cai W (2011) Optimization of phenol degradation by Candida tropicalis Z-04 using Plackett-Burman design and response surface methodology. J Environ Sci 23(1):22–30
Acknowledgments
The first author would like to thank ‘Department of Science and Technology (DST), India’ for providing financial assistance under “DST-PURSE” programme. Authors would like to thank Mr. Vimal Prajapati (B.R.D. School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel, University, Vallabh Vidyanagar) for his valuable discussions regarding RSM technology.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jadhav, S.B., Surwase, S.N., Phugare, S.S. et al. Response surface methodology mediated optimization of Remazol Orange decolorization in plain distilled water by Pseudomonas aeruginosa BCH. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 10, 181–190 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-012-0088-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-012-0088-9