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Benzoate Derivatives Toxicity to Musca domestica Results in Severe Muscle Relaxation and Body Distortion

  • Medical and Veterinary Entomology
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Abstract

The house fly, Musca domestica (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Muscidae), is a significant threat to human and animal health and is also resistant to a variety of insecticides. Plant-derived benzoates are known to have insecticidal activities against various insects. In this study, the larvicidal, pupicidal, and adulticidal activities of benzoate derivatives (benzyl alcohol BA, benzyl benzoate BB, and methyl benzoate MB) were assessed and investigated for their effects on larval structure and acetylcholinesterase activity. Six concentrations (2.5 to 100 mg/mL) of benzoate derivatives were applied to larvae and pupae through the residual film method and topical application, respectively. Meanwhile, concentrations from 0.625 to 50 mg/L air were applied to adult flies through a fumigation assay. BA and MB achieved promising results against larvae with LC50 values of 10.90 and 11.53 mg/mL, respectively. Moreover, BA killed 100% of the larvae at a concentration of 25 mg/mL, and MB achieved the same effect at a concentration of 50 mg/mL. Regarding the pupicidal activity, MB showed a percentage inhibition rate (PIR) of 100% at a concentration of 100 mg/mL, while the same effect was achieved by BA at a concentration of 50 mg/mL. Meanwhile, BB did not show any effect on the larvae or pupae at any of the tested concentrations. Moreover, the scanning microscopy observations on the treated larvae by BA and MB estimated flaccid and deformity in the larva body with a shrunken cuticle. Additionally, both BA and MB suppress nerve signal transmission by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that BA and MB may be useful in control housefly populations. These substances cause severe muscular relaxation and deformities in insects.

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Funding

This work was supported by Researcher supporting Project [RSP-2023/3], King Saud University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt

    Asmaa A. Kamel & Shawky M. Aboelhadid

  2. Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt

    Abdel-Azeem S. Abdel-Baki

  3. Department of Parasitology, Animal Health Research Institute, Fayum Branch, Egypt

    Samar M. Ibrahium

  4. Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Saleh Al-Quraishy

  5. Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA

    Ahmed O. Hassan

  6. Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, Egypt

    Shams G. Abd El-Kareem

  7. Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt

    Sahar M. Gadelhaq

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  1. Asmaa A. Kamel
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Contributions

Conceptualization: SMA, A-ASA-B; data curation: SA-Q, AOH; formal analysis: SMI, SMG; funding acquisition: A-ASA-B, SA-Q; investigation: SMI, AAK; methodology: AAK, SGAE-K, SMG; supervision: SMA, A-ASA-B; validation: SA-Q, AOH; visualization: SGAE-K, SMG; roles/writing—original draft: SMI, AAK; writing—review and editing: A-ASA-B, SMA.

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Correspondence to Shawky M. Aboelhadid.

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Kamel, A.A., Aboelhadid, S.M., Abdel-Baki, AA.S. et al. Benzoate Derivatives Toxicity to Musca domestica Results in Severe Muscle Relaxation and Body Distortion. Neotrop Entomol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-024-01154-5

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