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A novel polycaprolactone/rice husk ash/hydroxyapatite biopolymer composite for bone implant: physico-mechanical and biodegradable analysis

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Abstract

Locally derived silica and hydroxyapatite (HAp) were incorporated into polycaprolactone (PCL) polymer to produce a biocomposite material with the required properties for bone regeneration application. The silica and the hydroxyapatite were synthesized from rice husk ash and sheep bone, respectively. The effect of different concentrations of silica and HAp on the physical and mechanical properties of the PCL polymer matrix was studied. The biodegradability analysis of the scaffold was studied through weight loss in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solution for 14 days. The porosity of the scaffold was within 39.2–54.1% close to or above the minimum required porosity of 40% while the compressive strength of the scaffold was within 9.0–12.5 MPa. Generally, the increase in silica content resulted in a reduction in porosity but it led to an increase in compressive strength through pores’ filling and crack shielding mechanism. For the hardness and fracture toughness, there was a 50% increment attributed to the increasing silica content. The Si35-HAp5 sample produced the highest hardness, fracture toughness and compressive strength but the least brittleness index. Hence, a Si35-HAp5 sample was subjected to biodegradability in an in vitro analysis. The pure PCL scaffold was faster with a 42% weight reduction compared to the 4% of Si35-HAp5 sample, while the pH remained at the neutral level. The result of this study confirms the suitability of the fabricated scaffold for bone replacement in human trabecular bone since the scaffold is endowed with enhanced mechanical properties with minimum weight loss.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, 810106, Nigeria

    Muhammad Auwal Adamu, Malachy Sumaila & Muhammad Dauda

  2. Department of Metallurgical and Material Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, 810106, Nigeria

    Terver Ause

Authors
  1. Muhammad Auwal Adamu
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  2. Malachy Sumaila
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  3. Muhammad Dauda
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  4. Terver Ause
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Contributions

Muhammad Auwal Adamu: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing. Malachy Sumaila: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing-editing, Formal analysis, Supervision. Muhammad Dauda Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing-editing, Formal analysis, Supervision. Terver Ause: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing-editing, Formal analysis, Supervision

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Correspondence to Muhammad Auwal Adamu.

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Adamu, M.A., Sumaila, M., Dauda, M. et al. A novel polycaprolactone/rice husk ash/hydroxyapatite biopolymer composite for bone implant: physico-mechanical and biodegradable analysis. Iran Polym J 33, 395–404 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-023-01248-8

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