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Perspective on opportunities of bio-based processing oil to rubber industry: a short review

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Abstract

Bio-based oils have recently attained interest due to rising environmental concerns and the depletion of petrochemical resources. Bio-based oils high in unsaturated fatty acids, including palm oil, soybean oil, castor oil, sunflower oil, and linseed oil, have attracted attention as an alternative to petroleum-based processing oils in rubber composites. Elastomers could potentially employ bio-based oil instead of mineral oil derived from petroleum in the future as a plasticizer. Mineral oil has a reputation for being damaging to the environment and for being a resource that does not replenish itself. Even though bio-based process oils have some benefits, they are not used very often in the rubber industry because they are cold-flowing oils with low thermo-oxidation, hydrolytic stability, and a plasticizing effect that could mess up rubber processes. However, modification of the carbon–carbon double bond in bio-based oils can improve both the processability and mechanical properties of rubber composites. Thus, this study addresses cure properties in general, emphasizing cure rate, delta torque, scorch time, and cure rate index (CRI) of unmodified and modified bio-based oils in various rubber composites. The wet skid and rolling resistance performance of rubber composites used in tyre tread applications are detailed by the tanδ values at 0 and 60 ℃ from the laboratory dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) tests. There are often compromises between tyre rolling resistance and tyre wet traction. Therefore, academics and professionals in the bio-based processing oils and rubber industries will benefit from this evaluation.

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Funding

This research was funded by the Malaysian Rubber Council (MRC) under the MRC Industry Linkage Fund (Ref. no.; ILF/17/006). We would like to thank Eversafe Rubber Works Sdn Bhd for their technical and financial support as well as for the use of their processing facilities. Last but not least, we would like to thank Universiti Sains Malaysia (Grant No. 304/PBahan/6050400/E123) for allowing us to use their facilities as well.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia

    Nur Raihan Mohamed, Nadras Othman & Raa Khimi Shuib

  2. Faculty of Applied Sciences, University Teknologi MARA Perlis Branch, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia

    Nur Raihan Mohamed

  3. Department of Rubber Technology and Polymer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus, 94000, Pattani, Thailand

    Nabil Hayeemasae

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  1. Nur Raihan Mohamed
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  2. Nadras Othman
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Correspondence to Nadras Othman.

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Mohamed, N.R., Othman, N., Shuib, R.K. et al. Perspective on opportunities of bio-based processing oil to rubber industry: a short review. Iran Polym J 32, 1455–1475 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-023-01203-7

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