Abstract
The plant Tapinanthus globiferus has gained ethnomedicinal values to manage pain, rheumatism and cancer. The current experiment investigated the anti-nociceptive action of the ethanol extract of the plant T. globiferus (EETG) and its possible mechanisms of action. Phytochemical studies and oral median lethal dose (LD50) determination were conducted as per standard experimental protocols. The anti-nociceptive properties of the EETG (250, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg) were checked against acetic acid-elicited writhing, hot plate and formalin-produced pain models in mice. To establish the potential pathways of analgesic effects of the EETG, the animals were pre-administered with naloxone (2 mg/kg, i.p), prazosin (1 mg/kg, i.p), yohimbine (1 mg/kg, i.p), propranolol (20 mg/kg, i.p), metergoline (2 mg/kg, i.p), and glibenclamide (5 mg/kg, i.p) 30 min before the EETG (500 mg/kg) administration. The phytochemical results revealed flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, phenols, steroids, saponins, tannins and triterpenes. The oral LD50 was above 5,000 mg/kg in mice. The EETG effectively (P < 0.001) reduced the acetic acid-produced writhes independent of dose. Besides, it significantly (P < 0.05, P < 0.01 and P < 0.001) increased the pain latency in the thermally induced pain at 30, 60, and 120 min. The EETG at 500 mg/kg efficiently (P < 0.05) declined the second stage of formalin-caused pain response in comparison to the control animals. The pre-administration of the naloxone, prazosin and metergoline to the mice reversed the anti-nociceptive effect elicited by the EETG in the formalin-produced pain in the second stage. The experimental outcomes have revealed that the plant Tapinanthus globiferus possesses analgesic activity which could be related to the opioidergic, α1-adrenergic and serotonergic pathways.
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Data availability
The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Code availability
Not applicable.
Abbreviations
- ABU:
-
Ahmadu Bello University
- ABUCAUC:
-
Ahmadu Bello University Ethical Committee on Animal Use and Care Research Policy
- ANOVA:
-
One-way analysis of variance
- ARRIVE:
-
Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments
- CNS:
-
Central nervous system
- COX:
-
Cyclooxygenase
- EETG:
-
Ethanol extract of the Tapinanthus globiferus
- D/W:
-
Distilled water
- K-ATP :
-
Potassium-adenosine triphosphate
- LD50:
-
Median lethal dose
- NSAIDs:
-
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- OECD:
-
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
- PAG:
-
Periaqueductal gray matter
- PG:
-
Prostaglandins
- SEM:
-
Standard error of mean
- WHO:
-
World Health Organization
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The authors especially thank all the Pharmacology and Therapeutics Department staff, ABU, Nigeria, for the support throughout the research period.
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AM: Conceptualisation, investigation, data curation, writing original draft, review, editing, data analysis. IM: Validation, supervision, project administration, and review. BC: Validation, supervision, project administration, and review. MHA: Investigation, Writing original draft, critically reviewed the whole manuscript, and editing. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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The permission for the experiment was given by the Ahmadu Bello University Ethical Committee on Animal Use and Care Research Policy and carried out as per the Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) protocols.
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Aminu Musa has no conflict of interest. Idris Maje has no conflict of interest. Ben Chindo has no conflict of interest. Mubarak Hussaini Ahmad has no conflict of interest.
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Musa, A., Maje, I., Chindo, B. et al. Potential involvement of opioidergic, α1-adrenergic and serotonergic pathways in the anti-nociceptive actions of Tapinanthus globiferus A. Rich (Loranthaceae) in mice. ADV TRADIT MED (ADTM) 23, 803–818 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13596-022-00644-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13596-022-00644-4