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A characterization study on toughening vinyl ester composites using annealed biosilica from fox tail millet husk and nettle fiber

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Abstract

This research provides a thorough analysis of nettle fiber-toughened vinyl ester composites that integrate annealed biosilica sourced from foxtail millet husk. The aim of incorporating these bioderived materials is to augment the mechanical and toughening characteristics of the vinyl ester matrix in eco-friendly way. The biosilica, extracted from foxtail millet husk, undergoes annealing process at two different phases at 1200 °C for 2 h and 1200 °C for 4 h. Further, the fabrication process adopts the hand layup method, and characterizations adhere to ASTM standards. Results revealed that among various composites, VNS32 stands out with remarkable mechanical properties, boasting a tensile strength of 162 MPa, flexural strength of 259 MPa, compression strength of 233 MPa, v-notch shear strength of 17.1 MPa, impact energy of 4.08 J, and a hardness rating of 89. These outcomes underscore the improvement facilitated by the inclusion of annealed biosilica, with a notable distinction favoring biosilica annealed at 1200 °C for 4 h over the 2-h annealing duration. The wear characteristics align with the trends observed in mechanical properties, where VNS32 demonstrates superior wear resistance, exhibiting a low specific wear rate of 0.05 mm3/Nm and a coefficient of friction of 0.15 in dry wear. In wet wear, VNS32 maintains high performance with a specific wear rate of 0.032 mm3/Nm and a coefficient of friction of 0.112 with an improvement of about 87.14% on compare with plain resin. Optical microscopic images of worn surfaces contribute additional insights into wear mechanisms and the role played by annealed biosilica in preventing material loss. The outcomes of this comprehensive characterization study underscore the effectiveness of integrating annealed biosilica from foxtail millet husk and nettle fiber in fortifying vinyl ester composites.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Government College of Engineering, Bargur, Tamil Nadu, 635104, India

    R. Jamuna

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, 6 Metro Tech Center, New York, NY, 11201, USA

    Sumanth Ratna Kandavalli

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Panimalar Engineering College, Chennai, India

    P. Arthis

  4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, AP, India

    Pothamsetty Kasi V. Rao

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  1. R. Jamuna
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  2. Sumanth Ratna Kandavalli
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  4. Pothamsetty Kasi V. Rao
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R. Jamuna—research work and drafting of manuscript. Sumanth Ratna Kandavalli—testing support. Arthis P—testing support. Pothamsetty Kasi V Rao—raw material support.

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Jamuna, R., Kandavalli, S.R., Arthis, P. et al. A characterization study on toughening vinyl ester composites using annealed biosilica from fox tail millet husk and nettle fiber. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-024-05467-8

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