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Effect of Phenolic-rich Forest and Agri-food Wastes on Yield, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities of Ganoderma lucidum

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Abstract

Ganoderma lucidum is an important medicinal mushroom with outstanding pharmaceutical properties, including anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities due to its bioactive compounds. Such compounds could be suitably enhanced in mushrooms via an appropriate selection of growing substrates. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of phenolic-rich forest and agricultural wastes on the yield, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of G. lucidum. Oak sawdust (OS) (control) was used as a basal substrate to which phenolic-rich wastes, i.e., grape pomace (GP) and green walnut hulls (GWH), were mixed in percentages of 12.5, 25, and 50% each. Spawn running period (SRP), time to primordia initiation (DPI), time to first harvest (DFH), yield, and biological efficiency (BE) of G. lucidum were determined, and total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the fruitbody were measured. The antimicrobial activity was assessed by examining extracts’ effect on the growth of three Gram (+) and four Gram (−) bacteria and one yeast. Substrates supplemented with 12.5% GP significantly increased the yield and BE of G. lucidum (112.16 g/kg and 33%, respectively). Moreover, 12.5 and 25% GWH-supplemented substrates and 25% GP-supplemented ones resulted in a significant increase in the antioxidant capacity of the fruit bodies. The mushrooms cultivated on GP- and GWH-supplemented substrates exhibited higher antimicrobial activity when compared to those of OS. Our findings revealed that the incorporation of GP in the growing substrate of G. lucidum has the potential to improve its yield, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. Therefore, this agricultural waste can be successfully used as a good supplement in the production of G. lucidum.

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The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bergama Vocational Training School, Mushroom Program, Ege University, 35700 Bergama, Izmir, Turkey

    Funda Atila

  2. Department of Field Crops, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture, 40100, Kırşehir, Turkey

    Hatice Ogutcu

  3. Pilot University Coordinatorship of Agriculture and Geothermal Energy, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, 40100, Kırşehir, Turkey

    Emine Bilginoglu

  4. Department of Horticulture, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture, 40100, Kırşehir, Turkey

    Ahmet Kazankaya

  5. Agro-Ecology and Pollution Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to Be University), Haridwar, 249404, India

    Pankaj Kumar

  6. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Forestry, 10 Kliment Ohridski Blvd, 1797, Sofia, Bulgaria

    Sami Abou Fayssal

  7. Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Lebanese University, Beirut, 1302, Lebanon

    Sami Abou Fayssal

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Conceptualization, F.A. and H.Ö; methodology, F.A., H.Ö., and E.B.; software, F.A.; formal analysis, F.A., H.Ö., and A.K.; investigation, F.A., H.Ö., and E.B.; data curation, F.A., H.Ö., E.B., and A.K.; writing—original draft preparation, F.A.; writing—review and editing, F.A., H.Ö., S.A.F, and P.K.; visualization, F.A., S.A.F., P.K.; supervision, F.A. and H.Ö. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Atila, F., Ogutcu, H., Bilginoglu, E. et al. Effect of Phenolic-rich Forest and Agri-food Wastes on Yield, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities of Ganoderma lucidum. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-04708-6

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