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Elegant synthesis of phyto-magnetic Fe3O4@Syzygium cumini and its application for decontamination of Eriochrome Black T dye from aqueous solution and wastewater

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Abstract

The unrestrained consumption of dyes in everyday life and its release into water bodies have damaged the natural ecology. Several strategies have been developed to address this adverse condition. We report the techno-economic synthesis of phyto-magnetic Fe3O4 Syzygium cumini seed composite (MSC) using FeCl3 and FeSO4 as a metal precursor and S. cumini seed as phyto-anchor and for the decontamination of Erichrome Black T (EBT) from the aqueous phase. The material has been characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), pH of zero point of charge (pHzpc), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and vibrating-sample magnetometry (VSM) analysis. The BET analysis of the surface was found to be 24.999 m2/g with a pore diameter of 12.205 nm. The VSM analysis confirms the highest saturation magnetization of 13.02 emu/g. The particle size is determined to be 24.199 nm. We investigated the variation in adsorption efficiency under range of conditions, contact time (0–60 min), concentration (10–50 mg/L), pH (3–11), and temperature (298–328 K). Pseudo-second-order kinetics was found to be the best-fit model (R2 = 0.999). The Langmuir isotherm model was found to be the best-fit model, where the maximum adsorption capacity was obtained to be 111 mg/g at 328 K. Thermodynamic analysis suggests a spontaneous, feasible (− 4.801 to − 6.066 kJ/mol), and endothermic process (4.772–13.709 kJ/mol) with a rise in entropy at the liquid–solid interface. Regeneration of the spent material is best in an aqueous-alcoholic medium.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank MNIT Jaipur, IIT Kanpur India for sample characterization and the Central University of Jharkhand for infrastructural facilities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Protection Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Central University of Jharkhand, Brambe, Ranchi, 835205, India

    Md. Atif Qaiyum, Priyanka Priyadarsini Samal & Soumen Dey

  2. Department of Chemistry, The Graduate School College for Women, Jamshedpur, 831001, India

    Banashree Dey

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  1. Md. Atif Qaiyum
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  2. Priyanka Priyadarsini Samal
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  3. Banashree Dey
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  4. Soumen Dey
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Contributions

Conceptualization, methodology, writing the original manuscript: Md Atif Qaiyum; data analysis: Priyanka Priyadarsini Samal; review and editing: Banashree Dey; review, editing, and overall supervision: Soumen Dey.

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Correspondence to Soumen Dey.

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Qaiyum, M.A., Priyadarsini Samal, P., Dey, B. et al. Elegant synthesis of phyto-magnetic Fe3O4@Syzygium cumini and its application for decontamination of Eriochrome Black T dye from aqueous solution and wastewater. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-04372-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-04372-w

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