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Green production of noncytotoxic rhamnolipids from jackfruit waste: process and prospects

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Abstract

The green conversion of jackfruit waste into noncytotoxic biosurfactants shows promise as a biomass refinery approach. In this study, jackfruit waste was extracted and used as the sole media for microbial biosurfactant production. This biomolecule manufacturing procedure yielded 2.3 g/L of biosurfactants, which was detected to contain mainly rhamnolipids (RLs) at a production cost of $ 1.08 kg−1. These RLs have excellent emulsifying properties against a wide range of hydrophobic substrates, including crude oil, olive oil, kerosene, n-hexadecane, and diesel, showing emulsification index values of 100, 83, 80, 42, and 58%, respectively. The resultant product demonstrated potent antifungal activity against Alternaria solani in in vitro trials, inhibiting up to 83% of fungal growth. In a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay performed against the mouse fibroblastic cell line L292, RLs derived from jackfruit waste were found to be nontoxic, indicating their potential for cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express their gratitude to the Bodoland University, India, IASST India, and Gauhati University, India for logistical support and assistance. Rupshikha Patowary, the lead investigator, wishes to thank the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, for funding Junior Research Fellow (JRF). The authors would like to thank Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Universiti Malaysia Pahang and Universiti College of Technology Sarawak for financial support of Prof. Lam under Matching Grant (UMT/CRIM/2-2/25/Jld.8 (58), Vot 53381) to perform this project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science & Technology (IASST), Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, 781 035, Assam, India

    Rupshikha Patowary & Kaustuvmani Patowary

  2. Department of Biotechnology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, 781014, India

    Mohan Chandra Kalita

  3. Faculty of Science, Assam Down Town University, Guwahati, Assam, 781026, India

    Suresh Deka

  4. Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

    Su Shiung Lam

  5. Bioremediation Technology Research Group, Department of Botany, Bodoland University, Rangalikhata, Deborgaon, Kokrajhar (BTR), Assam, 783370, India

    Hemen Sarma

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  1. Rupshikha Patowary
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Patowary, R., Patowary, K., Kalita, M.C. et al. Green production of noncytotoxic rhamnolipids from jackfruit waste: process and prospects. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 12, 4375–4388 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-02427-y

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