Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Separate effect of biodiesel, n-butanol, and biogas on performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine: a review

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Unsustainable energy sources are one of the preeminent supply specks of power generation in the prevailing scenario. The production and utilization of energy have brought about serious ecological effects all over the globe. Exceptionally unpredictable fossil fuel expenses are making increasingly more ambiguity for the worldwide economy while simultaneously giving an ambiguous motivation for putting resources into sustainable power source advancements, which are now accepted as a viable solution. Biodiesel, higher alcohol, and gaseous fuel are considered to be suitable replacements for dwindling natural resources. These substitute fuels not only aid in enhancing the engine performance but also cooperate in contracting the injurious tailpipe emissions. In this review article, a study has been made to evaluate the domination of biodiesel, n-butanol, and biogas on the performance and emission characteristics of the diesel engine in comparison to fossil diesel. Conclusions of empirical analysis considering emission and performance characteristics with different permutation and combination are put forwarded to understand the commuted result on various characteristics of the diesel engine. The comprehensive study recommends that the performance characteristics of the engine degrade with substitute fuels, whereas its emission characteristics are depicted to have abated.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

B5:

95% diesel and 5% biodiesel

B10:

90% diesel and 10% biodiesel

B15:

85% diesel and 15% biodiesel

B20, BD20:

80% diesel and 20% biodiesel

B30:

70% diesel and 30% biodiesel

B50:

50% diesel and 50% biodiesel

B60:

40% diesel and 60% biodiesel

B70:

30% diesel and 70% biodiesel

B80:

20% diesel and 80% biodiesel

B100:

100% biodiesel

AB100:

100% Aamla biodiesel

AB90EU10:

90% Aamla biodiesel and 10% eucalyptus biodiesel

AB80EU20:

80% Aamla biodiesel and 20% eucalyptus biodiesel

AB70EU30:

70% Aamla biodiesel and 30% eucalyptus biodiesel

AB60EU40:

60% Aamla biodiesel and 40% eucalyptus biodiesel

AB50EU50:

50% Aamla biodiesel and 50% eucalyptus biodiesel

100SME:

100% soya bean methyl esters

20 SME:

80% diesel and 20% soya bean methyl esters

100YGME:

100% yellow grease methyl esters

20YGME:

80% diesel and 20% yellow grease methyl esters

AB10:

90% diesel and 10% Argemone biodiesel

AB20:

80% diesel and 20% Argemone biodiesel

AB30:

70% diesel and 30% Argemone biodiesel

AB40:

60% diesel and 40% Argemone biodiesel

TRFB10:

90% diesel and 10% turkey fat biodiesel

TRFB20:

80% diesel and 20% turkey fat biodiesel

TRFB30:

70% diesel and 30% turkey fat biodiesel

JME:

100% Jatropha methyl esters

Z2JOE15:

81% Jatropha methyl esters, 15% wood pyrolysis oil and 4% mixed surfactant by volume

kW:

kilowatt

TDC:

top dead center

BSEC:

brake specific energy consumption

BSFC:

brake specific fuel consumption

BTE:

brake thermal efficiency

BP:

brake power

CO:

carbon monoxide

CO2 :

carbon dioxide

O2 :

oxygen

NOx :

nitric oxides

HC:

hydrocarbons

CI:

compression ignition

HP:

horse power

VCR:

variable compression ratio

CB10:

90% diesel and 10% rice bran biodiesel

CB20:

80% diesel and 20% rice bran biodiesel

CB40:

60% diesel and 40% rice bran biodiesel

D100:

100% diesel

SME10:

90% diesel and 10% Sal methyl esters

SME20:

80% diesel and 20% Sal methyl esters

SME30:

70% diesel and 30% Sal methyl esters

SME40:

60% diesel and 40% Sal methyl esters

rpm:

revolutions per minute

PM:

particulate matter

THC:

total hydrocarbons

g/kWh:

gram per kilowatt hour

ppm:

parts per million

DPU:

drawbar pull

D85B10P5:

diesel 85%, n-butanol 10%, and papaya seed methyl esters 5%

D80B10P10:

diesel 80%, n-butanol 10%, and papaya seed methyl esters 10%

D75B10P15:

diesel 75%, n-butanol 10%, and papaya seed methyl esters 15%

D60B10nBu30:

diesel 60%, biodiesel 10%, and n-butanol 30%

D50B30nBu20:

diesel 50%, biodiesel 30%, and n-butanol 20%

D30B30nBu40:

diesel 30%, biodiesel 30%, and n-butanol 40%

D30B10nBu60:

diesel 30%, biodiesel 10%, and n-butanol 60%

D20B20nBu60:

diesel 20%, biodiesel 20%, and n-butanol 60%

D60B30E5nb5:

diesel 60%, biodiesel 30%, ethanol 5% and n-butanol 5%

D40B50E5nb5:

Diesel 40%, Biodiesel 50%, Ethanol 5% and n-butanol 5%

nb2.5:

diesel 97.5% and n-butanol 2.5%

D95nB5, DnB5, nb 5:

diesel 95% and n-butanol 5%

D90nB10, Nb10, nb10:

diesel 90% and n-butanol 10%

D85nB15, D85 nb15, nb15:

diesel 85% and n-butanol 15%

Nb20, 20nBA, nBA20, D80nB20, nb20:

diesel 80% and n-butanol 20%

D70 nb30, nb30:

diesel 70% and n-butanol 30%

D60nB40, DnB40, nb40:

diesel 60% and n-butanol 40%

nb50:

diesel 50% and n-butanol 50%

JEE5Bu15D80:

Jatropha alkyl esters 5%, n-butanol 15% and diesel 80%

JEE10Bu10D80:

Jatropha alkyl esters 10%, n-butanol 10%, and diesel 80%

JME5Bu15D80:

Jatropha methyl esters 5%, n-butanol 15%, and diesel 80%

JME10Bu10D80:

Jatropha methyl esters 10%, n-butanol 10%, and diesel 80%

D70B15nBu15:

diesel 70%, biodiesel 15%, and n-butanol 15%

D60B20nBu20:

diesel 60%, biodiesel 20%, and n-butanol 20%

nbu10B10:

diesel 80%, biodiesel 10%, and n-butanol 10%

nbu20B20:

diesel 60%, biodiesel 20%, and n-butanol 20%

DnB25:

diesel 75% and n-butanol 25%

DnB35:

diesel 65% and n-butanol 35%

D50B45nBu5:

diesel 50%, biodiesel 45%, and n-butanol 5%

D45B45nBu10:

diesel 45%, biodiesel 45%, and n-butanol 10%

D40B40nBu20:

diesel 40%, biodiesel 40%, and n-butanol 20%

D92nB8:

diesel 92% and n-butanol 8%

D84nB16:

diesel 84% and n-butanol 16%

D76nB24:

diesel 76% and n-butanol 24%

CRDI:

common rail direct injection

BTDC:

before top dead center

ECS:

electronic control system

BMEP:

brake mean effective pressure

nB2:

diesel 98% and n-butanol 2%

Bu4, nB4:

diesel 96% and n-butanol 4%

Bu6, nB6:

diesel 94% and n-butanol 6%

Ti:

titanium

MPa:

mega pascal

UBHC:

unburned hydrocarbons

ESC:

electronic stability control

Nm:

Newton meter

B20But10:

diesel 70%, biodiesel 20%, and n-butanol 10%

°C:

degree Celcius

kg:

kilogram

kg/h:

kilograms per hour

NM:

not mentioned by researcher

References

  1. Chauhan BS, Singh RK, Cho HM, Lim HC (2016) Practice of diesel fuel blends using alternative fuels: a review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 59:1358–1368

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Mahla SK, Dhir A, Gill JB, Cho HM, Lim HC, Chauhan BS (2018) Influence of EGR on the simultaneous reduction of NOx-smoke opacity trade-off under CNG-biodiesel dual fuel engine. Energy 152:303–312

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Mahla SK, Parmar KS, Singh J, Dhir A, Sandhu SS, Chauhan BS Trend and time series analysis by ARIMA model to predict the emissions and performance characteriatics of biogas fuelled compression ignition engine. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2019.1670286

  4. Ashok B, Ashok SD, Kumar CR (2015) LPG diesel dual fuel engine – A critical review. Alex Eng J 54:105–126

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Yilmaz IT, Gumus M (2017) Investigation of the effect of biogas on combustion and emissions of TBC diesel engine. Fuel 188:69–78

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Qian Y, Zhang Y, Wang X, Lu X (2017) Particulate matter emission characteristics of a reactivity controlled compression ignition engine fueled with biogas/diesel dual fuel. J Aerosol Sci 113:166–177

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Govender I, Thopil GA, Inglesi-Lotz R (2019) Financial and economic appraisal of a biogas to electricity project. J Clean Prod 214:154–165

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Huang H, Guo X, Huang R, Lei H, Chen Y, Wang T, Wang S, Pan M (2020) Effect of n-pentanol additive on compression-ignition engine performance and particulate emission laws. Fuel 267:1–13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Huang H, Guo X, Huang R, Li J, Pan M, Chen Y, Pan X (2019) Assessment of pentanol additive and EGR rates effects on spray characteristics, energy distribution and engine performance. Energy Convers Manag 202:1–12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Huang R, Guo X, Huang H, Pan M, Wang T, Lei H (2019) Assessment of pilot injection strategies and n-pentanol additive effects on engine performance and emissions. Fuel 257:1–18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Singh M, Singh DK, Gandhi SK, Sarin A, Saini S, Mahla SK, Gupta A, Sandhu SS (2020) Effect of metal contaminants and antioxidants on the oxidation stability of Argemone mexicana biodiesel: experimental and statistical study. Waste Biomass Valori. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-019-00886-5

  12. Rajak U, Nashine P, Verma TN, Pugazhendhi A (2020) Performance and emission analysis of a diesel engine using hydrogen enriched n-butanol, diethyl ester and Spirulina microalgae biodiesel. Fuel 271:1–16

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Huang H, Liu Q, Wang Q, Zhou C, Mo C, Wang X (2016) Experimental investigation of particle emissions under different EGR ratios on a diesel engine fueled by blends of diesel/gasoline/n-butanol. Energy Convers Manag 121:212–223

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Rajak U, Nashine P, Verma TN (2019) Characteristics of microalgae spirulina biodiesel with the impact of nbutanol addition on a CI engine. Energy (Article in press)

  15. Huang H, Zhu J, Zhu Z, Wei H, Lv D, Zhang P, Sun H (2017) Development and validation of a new reduced diesel-n-butanol blends mechanism for engine applications. Energy Convers Manag 149:553–563

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Zhu J, Huang H, Zhu Z, Lv D, Pan Y, Wei H, Zhuang J (2018) Effect of intake oxygen concentration on diesel–n-butanol blending combustion: an experimental and numerical study at low engine load. Energy Convers Manag 165:53–65

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Lapuerta M, Hernandez JJ, Fernandez-Rodríguez D, Cova-Bonillo A (2017) Autoignition of blends of n-butanol and ethanol with diesel or biodiesel fuels in a constant-volume combustion chamber. Energy 118:613–621

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Samuel OD, Okwu MO, Amosun ST, Verma TN, Afolalu SA (2019) Production of fatty acid ethyl esters from rubber seed oil in hydrodynamic cavitation reactor: study of reaction parameters and some fuel properties. Ind Crops Prod 141:1–13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Emiroglu AO, Keskin A, Sen M (2018) Experimental investigation of the effects of Turkey rendering fat biodiesel on combustion, performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine. Fuel 216:266–273

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Goga G, Chauhan BS, Mahla SK, Dhir A, Cho HM (2020) Effect of varying biogas mass flow rate on performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with blends of n-butanol and diesel. J Therm Anal Calorim 140:2817–2830

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Goga G, Chauhan BS, Mahla SK, Cho HM (2019) Performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine fueled with rice bran biodiesel and n-butanol. Energy Rep 5:78–83

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Goga G, Chauhan BS, Mahla SK, Dhir A, Cho HM Combined impact of varying biogas mass flow rate and rice bran methyl esters blended with diesel on a dual-fuel engine. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2019.1623948

  23. Dhamodaran G, Krishnan R, Pochareddy YK, Pyarelal HM, Sivasubramanian H, Ganeshram AK (2017) A comparative study of combustion, emission, and performance characteristics of rice-bran-, neem-, and cottonseed-oil biodiesels with varying degree of unsaturation. Fuel 187:296–305

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Goga G, Chauhan BS, Mahla SK, Cho HM, Dhir A, Lim HC Properties and Characteristics of Various Material used as biofuels:A Review, for International Conference on Composite Materials: Manufacturing, Experimental Techniques, Modeling and Simulation (ICCMMEMS-2018), Elsevier-Material Today, 3

  25. Mohammed ELK, Medhat NA (2013) Studying the effect of compression ratio on an engine fueled with waste oil produced biodiesel diesel fuel. Alex Eng J 52:1–11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Nagaraja S, Sooryaprakash K, Sudhakaran R (2015) Investigate the effect of compression ratio over the performance and emission characteristics of variable compression ratio engine fueled with preheated palm oil -diesel blends. Proc Earth Planet Sci 11:393–401

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Verma P, Sharma MP, Dwivedi G (2016) Potential use of eucalyptus biodiesel in compressed ignition engine. Egypt J Petrol 25:91–95

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Zaher FA, El-Noamany HM, Megahed OA, Abdallah RI (2016) Esters of rice bran oil with short chain alcohols as alternative fuel for diesel engines. Egypt J Petrol 25:247–253

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Kumar P, Sharma MP, Dwivedi G (2016) Impact of ternary blends of biodiesel on diesel engine performance. Egyp J Petr 25:255–261

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Basavaraju K, Jamunarani R (2014) Performance and emission characteristics of a variable compression ratio diesel engine using methyl esters of mustard biodiesel blends. Int J Eng Res Appl 4(11):20–28

    Google Scholar 

  31. Nair JN, Kaviti AK, Daram AK (2017) Analysis of performance and emission on compression ignition engine fuelled with blends of Neem biodiesel. Egypt J Petrol 26:927–931

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Jindal S, Nandwana P, Rathore C, Vashistha R (2009) Experimental investigation of the effect compression ratio and injection pressure in a direct injection diesel engine running on Jatropha methyl ester. Appl Therm Eng 30(5):442–448

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Singh P, Chauhan SR, Goel V (2018) Assessment of diesel engine combustion, performance and emission characteristics fuelled with dual fuel blends. Renew Energy 25:501–510

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Mohanraj T, Murugu MKK (2012) Operating characteristics of a variable compression ratio engine using esterified tamanu oil. Int J Green Energy 10:285–301

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Canakci M, Hosoz M (2006) Energy and exergy analyses of a diesel engine fuelled with various biodiesels. Energy Sources B: Economics, Planning and Policy 1(4):379–394

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Anand R, Kannan GR, Rajasekhar R, Velmathi S (2009) The performance and emissions of a variable compression ratio diesel engine fuelled with bio-diesel from cotton seed oil. ARPN J Eng App Sci 4:72–86

    Google Scholar 

  37. Dwivedi G, Sharma MP (2013) Performance evaluation of diesel engine using biodiesel from pongamia oil. Int J Renew Energy Res 3(2)

  38. Sharma A, Murugan S (2015) Potential for using a Tyre pyrolysis oil-biodiesel blend in a diesel engine at different compression ratios. Energy Convers Manag 93:289–297

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Arunkumar M, Kannan M, Murali G (2019) Experimental studies on engine performance and emission characteristics using Castor biodiesel as fuel in CI engine. Renew Energy 19:737–744

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Singh M, Gandhi SK, Mahla SK, Sandhu SS (2018) Experimental investigations on performance and emission characteristics of variable speed multi-cylinder compression ignition engine using diesel/Argemone biodiesel blends. Energy Explor Exploit 36:535–555

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Chauhan BS, Kumar N, Cho HM, Lim HC (2013) A study on the performance and emission of a diesel engine fuelled with Karanja biodiesel and its blends. Energy 56:1–7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Elsanusi OA, Roy MM, Sidhu MS (2017) Experimental investigation on a diesel engine fueled by diesel-biodiesel blends and their emulsions at various engine operating conditions. Appl Energy 203:582–593

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Channapattanaa KC, Shinde D, Pawar AA, Kamble PG (2015) Emissions and performance evaluation of DI CI - VCR engine fuelled with honne oil methyl ester and diesel blends. Energy Proc 74:281–288

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Prakash R, Singh RK, Murugan S (2014) Experimental studies on combustion, performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine using different biodiesel bio oil emulsions. J Energy Inst 88(1):64–75

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Thangaraj S, Govindan N (2018) Evaluating combustion, performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine using karanja oil methyl ester biodiesel blends enriched with HHO gas. Int J Hydrog Energy 43(12):6443–6455

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Nabi MN, Rasul MG (2018) Influence of second generation biodiesel on engine performance, emissions, energy and exergy parameters. Energy Convers Manag 169:326–333

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Rajak U, Nashine P, Verma TK (2019) Assessment of diesel engine performance using spirulina microalgae biodiesel. Energy 166:1025–1036

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Akar MA, Kekilli E, Bas O, Yildizhan S, Serin H, Ozcanli M (2018) Hydrogen enriched waste oil biodiesel usage in compression ignition engine. Int J Hydrog Energy 43(38):18046–18052

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Ogunkunle O, Noor AA (2019) Performance evaluation of a diesel engine using blends of optimized yields of sand apple (Parinari polyandra) oil biodiesel. Renew Energy 134:1320–1331

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Soto F, Alves M, Valdes JC, Armas O, Crnkovi P, Rodrigues G et al (2018) The determination of the activation energy of diesel and biodiesel fuels and the analysis of engine performance and soot emissions. Fuel Proces Tech 174:69–77

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Simikic M, Tomic M, Savin L, Micic R, Ivanisevic I, Ivanisevic M (2018) Influence of biodiesel on the performances of farm tractors: experimental testing in stationary and non-stationary conditions. Renew Energy 121:677–687

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Yatish KV, Lalithamba HS, Suresh R, Harsha Hebbar HR (2018) Optimization of bauhinia variegata biodiesel production and its performance, combustion and emission study on diesel engine. Renew Energy 122:561–575

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Attia MAA, Mohamed N, Nada SA (2018) Study of Egyptian castor biodiesel-diesel fuel properties and diesel engine performance for a wide range of blending ratios and operating conditions for the sake of the optimal blending ratio. Energy Convers Manag 174:364–377

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Raju VD, Venu H, Subramani L, Kishore PS, Prasanna D, Kumar V (2020) An experimental assessment of prospective oxygenated additives on the diverse characteristics of diesel engine powered with waste tamarind biodiesel. Energy 203:1–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Chhabra M, Sharma A, Dwivedi G (2017) Performance evaluation of diesel engine using rice bran biodiesel. Egypt J Petrol 26:511–518

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Srinivas K, Naik BB, Radha KK (2016) Performance and emission of VCR-CI engine with palm kernel and eucalyptus blends. Perspect Sci 8:195–197

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Serin H, Yıldızhan S (2018) Hydrogen addition to tea seed oil biodiesel: Performance and emission characteristics. Int J Hydrog Energy 43(38):18020–18027

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Ansari NA, Sharma A, Singh Y (2018) Performance and emission analysis of a diesel engine implementing polanga biodiesel and optimization using taguchi method. Procs Safety Env Protec 120:146–154

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Devarajan Y, Beemkumar N, Ganesan S, Arunkumar T (2020) An experimental study on the influence of an oxygenated additive in diesel engine fuelled with neat papaya seed biodiesel/diesel blends. Fuel 268:1–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Krishania N, Rajak U, Verma TN, Birru AK, Pugazhendhi A (2020) Effect of microalgae, Tyre pyrolysis oil and Jatropha biodiesel enriched with diesel fuel on performance and emission characteristics of CI engine. Fuel 178:1–9

    Google Scholar 

  61. Lopez AF, Cadrazco M, Agudelo AF, Corredor LA, Velez JA, Agudelo JR (2015) Impact of n-butanol and hydrous ethanol fumigation on the performance and pollutant emissions of an automotive diesel engine. Fuel 153:483–491

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Binbin Y, Mingfa Y, Wai KC, Zunqing Z, Lang Y (2014) Regulated and unregulated emissions from a compression ignition engine under low temperature combustion fuelled with gasoline and n-butanol/gasoline blends. Fuel 120:163–170

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Ozer S (2010) Experimental investigation of the effects of using butanol on diesel engine performance and exhaust emissions, MSc Thesis, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey

  64. Choi B, Jiang X (2015) Individual hydrocarbons and particulate matter emission from a turbocharged CRDI diesel engine fueled with n-butanol/diesel blends. Fuel 154:188–195

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Sivasubramanian H (2018) Performance and emission characteristics of papaya seed oil methyl ester–n-butanol–diesel blends on a stationary direct-injection CI engine. Biofuels 9(4):513–522

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Atmanli A, Ileri E, Yuksel B (2015) Effects of higher ratios of n-butanol addition to diesel–vegetable oil blends on performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine. J Energ Inst 88:209–220

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Keskin A, Yaşar A, Resitoglu I, Akar MA, Sugozu I (2013) The influence of diesel fuel biodiesel- ethanol-butanol blends on the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 35(19):1873–1881

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Gautam R, Kumar N (2014) Comparative study of performance and emission characteristics of Jatropha alkyl ester/butanol/diesel blends in a small capacity CI engine. Fuel 154:176–184

    Google Scholar 

  69. Jindal M, Rosha P, Mahla SK, Dhir A (2015) Experimental investigation of performance and emissions characteristics of waste cooking oil biodiesel and n-butanol blends in a compression ignition engine. RSC Adv 5:3863–3868

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Chen Z, Wu Z, Liu J, Lee C (2014) Combustion and emissions characteristics of high n- butanol/diesel ratio blend in a heavy-duty diesel engine and EGR impact. Energy Convers Manag 78:787–795

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Atmanlia A, Yilmaz N (2018) A comparative analysis of n-butanol/diesel and 1-pentanol/diesel blends in a compression ignition engine. Fuel 234:161–169

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Yilmaz N, Vigil FM, Benalil K, Davis SM, Calva A (2014) Effect of biodiesel–butanol fuel blends on emissions and performance characteristics of a diesel engine. Fuel 135:46–50

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Satsangi DP, Tiwari N (2018) Experimental investigation on combustion, noise, vibrations, performance and emissions characteristics of diesel/n-butanol blends driven genset engine. Fuel 221:44–60

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. Rakopoulos DC, Rakopoulos CD, Papagiannakis RG, Kyritsis DC (2011) Combustion heat release analysis of ethanol or n-butanol diesel fuel blends in heavy-duty DI diesel engine. Fuel 90(5):1855–1867

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. Miers SA, Carlson RW, McConnell SS, Ng HK, Wallner T, Esper JL (2008) Drive cycle analysis of butanol/diesel blends in a light-duty vehicle. SAE Technical Paper Series; 2008. https://doi.org/10.4271/2008-01-2381

  76. Chen Z, Liu J, Han Z, Du B, Liu Y, Lee C (2013) Study on performance and emissions of a passenger-car diesel engine fueled with butanol-diesel blends. Energy 55:638–646

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Rakopoulos DC, Rakopoulos CD, Giakoumis EG, Dimaratos AM, Kyritsis DC (2010) Effects of butanol–diesel fuel blends on the performance and emissions of a high-speed DI diesel engine. Energy Convers Manag 51(10):1989–1997

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. Al-Hasan MI, Al-Momany M (2008) The effect of iso-butanol-diesel blends on engine performance. Transport 23(4):306–310

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. Wakale AB, Banerjee S, Banerjee R (2018) Experimental and chemical kinetic study of the impact of n-butanol blending on the gross engine performance of a CRDI engine. Energy Convers Manag 178:400–414

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. Algayyim SJM, Wandel AP, Yusaf T, Hamawand I (2017) The impact of n-butanol and iso-butanol as components of butanol-acetone (BA) mixture-diesel blend on spray, combustion characteristics, engine performance and emission in direct injection diesel engine. Energy 140(1):1074–1086

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. Celebi Y, Aydın H (2018) Investigation of the effects of butanol addition on safflower biodiesel usageas fuel in a generator diesel engine. Fuel 222:385–393

    Article  Google Scholar 

  82. Yesilyurt MK, Eryilmaz T, Arslan M (2018) A comparative analysis of the engine performance, exhaust emissions and combustion behaviors of a compression ignition engine fuelled with biodiesel/diesel/1-butanol (C4 alcohol) and biodiesel/diesel/n-pentanol (C5 alcohol) fuel blends. Energy 165(B):1332–1351

    Article  Google Scholar 

  83. Huang H, Teng W, Li Z, Liu Q, Wang Q, Pan M (2017) Improvement of emission characteristics and maximum pressure rise rate of diesel engines fueled with n-butanol/PODE3-4/diesel blends at high injection pressure. Energy Convers Manag 152:45–56

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. Jeevahan J, Sriramanjaneyulu RBD, Mageshwaran G (2018) Experimental investigation of the suitability of 1- Butanol blended with biodiesel as an alternative biofuel in diesel engines. Biocatal Agric Biotechnol 15:72–77

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. Zoldy M, Hollo A, Thernesz A (2010) Butanol as a diesel extender option for internal combustion engines. SAE technical paper. https://doi.org/10.4271/2010-01-0481

  86. Liu H, Li S, Zheng Z, Xu J, Yao M (2013) Effects of n-butanol, 2-butanol, and methyl octynoate addition to diesel fuel on combustion and emissions over a wide range of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates. Appl Energy 112:546–556

    Article  Google Scholar 

  87. Zheng Z, Li C, Liu H, Zhang Y, Zhong X, Yao M (2015) Experimental study on diesel conventional and low temperature combustion by fueling four isomers of butanol. Fuel 141:109–119

    Article  Google Scholar 

  88. Fushimi K, Kinoshita E, Yoshimoto Y0 (2013) Effect of butanol isomer on diesel combustion characteristics of butanol/gas oil blends. SAE technical paper 2013-32-9097. https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-32-9097

  89. Tornatore C, Marchitto L, Mazzei A, Valentine G, Corcione FE, Merola SS (2011) Effect of butanol blend on in-cylinder combustion process, Part2: compression ignition engine. J KONES Powertrain Transport 18(2):473–483

    Google Scholar 

  90. Chen G, Shen Y, Zhang Q, Yao M, Zheng Z, Liu H (2013) Experimental study on combustion and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with 2,5- dimethylfuran–diesel, n-butanol–diesel and gasoline–diesel blends. Energy 54:333–342

    Article  Google Scholar 

  91. Huang H, Wang Q, Shi C, Liu Q, Zhou C (2016) Comparative study of effects of pilot injection and fuel properties on low temperature combustion in diesel engine under a medium EGR rate. Appl Energy 179:1194–1208

    Article  Google Scholar 

  92. Huang H, Liu Q, Teng W, Pan M, Liu C,Wang Q (2016) Improvement of combustion performance and emissions in diesel engines by fueling n-butanol/diesel/PODE3–4 mixtures. Appld Energy 2016 (Article in press)

  93. Huang H, Li Z, Teng W, Huang R, Liu Q, Wang Y (2018) Effects of EGR rates on combustion and emission characteristics in a diesel engine with n-butanol/PODE3–4/diesel blends. Appld thrml engg 2018 (Accepted manuscript)

  94. Sahin Z, Aksu O (2015) Experimental investigation of the effects of using low ratio nbutanol/ diesel fuel blends on engine performance and exhaust emissions in a turbocharged DI diesel engine. Renew Energy 77:279–290

    Article  Google Scholar 

  95. Orsa I, Sarikoç S, Atabanic AE, Unalanc S, Akansuc SO (2018) The effects on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of DI CI engine fuelled with TiO2 nanoparticles addition in diesel/biodiesel/n-butanol blends. Fuel 234:177–188

    Article  Google Scholar 

  96. Huang H, Liu Q, Teng W, Wang Q (2017) The potentials for improving combustion performance and emissions in diesel engines by fueling nbutanol/diesel/PODE3-4 blends. Energy Proced 105:914–920

    Article  Google Scholar 

  97. Mohebbi M, Reyhanian M, Hosseini V, Said MFM, Aziz AA (2018) Performance and emissions of a reactivity controlled light-duty diesel engine fueled with n-Butanol-diesel and gasoline. Appl Therm Eng 134:214–228

    Article  Google Scholar 

  98. Huang H, Zhou C, Liu Q, Wang Q, Wang X (2016) An experimental study on the combustion and emission characteristics of a diesel engine under low temperature combustion of diesel/gasoline/n-butanol blends. Appl Energy 170:219–231

    Article  Google Scholar 

  99. WTT (2007) Well-To-Wheels analysis of future automotive fuels and powertrains in the European context.〈http://ies.jrc.ec.europa.eu/WTW2007〉

  100. Lastella G, Testa C, Cornacchia G, Notornicola M, Voltasio F, Sharma VK (2002) Anaerobic digestion of semi-solid organic waste: biogas production and its purification. Energy Convers Manag 43:63–75

    Article  Google Scholar 

  101. Karellas S, Boukis I, Kontopoulos G (2010) Development of an investment decision tool for biogas production from agricultural waste. Renew Sust Energ Rev 14:1273–1282

    Article  Google Scholar 

  102. Jingura RM, Matengaifa R (2009) Optimization of biogas production by anaerobic digestion for sustainable energy development in Zimbabwe. Renew Sustain Energy 13(5):1116–1120

    Article  Google Scholar 

  103. Bora BJ, Saha UK (2015) Comparative assessment of a biogas run dual fuel diesel engine with rice bran oil methyl ester, pongamia oil methyl ester and palm oil methyl ester as pilot fuels. Renew Energy 81:490–498

    Article  Google Scholar 

  104. Singh S, Jain A, Mahla SK (2020) Sampled data validation: an algorithm and experimental setup for dual fuel IC engine. Fuel 279:118517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.118517

    Article  Google Scholar 

  105. Bora BJ, Saha UK (2015) Improving the performance of a biogas powered dual fuel diesel engine using emulsified rice bran biodiesel as pilot fuel through adjustment of compression ratio and injection timing. J Eng Gas Turbines Power 137:091505–091514

    Article  Google Scholar 

  106. Ramesha DK, Bangaria AS, Rathoda CP, Chaitanya RS (2015) Experimental investigation of biogas-biodiesel dual fuel combustion in a diesel engine. J Middle Eur Constr Des Cars 13:12–20

    Google Scholar 

  107. Barik D, Murugan S, Samal S, Sivaram NM (2017) Combined effect of compression ratio and diethyl ether (DEE) port injection on performance and emission characteristics of a DI diesel engine fueled with upgraded biogas (UBG)-biodiesel dual fuel. Fuel 209:339–349

    Article  Google Scholar 

  108. Barik D, Sivalingam M (2013) Performance and emission characteristics of a biogas fueled DI diesel engine. SAE Int. https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-2507

  109. Barik D, Murugan S (2014) Simultaneous reduction of NOx and smoke in a dual fuel DI diesel engine. Energy Convers Manag 84:217–226

    Article  Google Scholar 

  110. Barik D, Murugan S, Sivaram NM, Baburaj E, Sundaram SP (2017) Experimental investigation on the behavior of a direct injection diesel engine fueled with Karanja methyl ester-biogas dual fuel at different injection timings. Energy 118:127–138

    Article  Google Scholar 

  111. Barik D, Murugan S (2016) Experimental investigation on the behavior of a DI diesel engine fueled with raw biogas-diesel dual fuel at different injection timing. J Energy Inst 89(3):373–388

    Article  Google Scholar 

  112. Bora BJ, Saha UK (2016) Experimental evaluation of a rice bran biodiesel- biogas run dual fuel diesel engine at varying compression ratios. Renew Energy 87:782–790

    Article  Google Scholar 

  113. Bora BJ, Saha UK, Chatterjee S, Veer V (2014) Effect of compression ratio on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a dual fuel diesel engine run on raw biogas. Energy Convers Manag 87:1000–1009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  114. Pattanaik B, Nayak C, Nanda BK (2013) Investigation on utilization of biogas & Karanja oil biodiesel in dual fuel mode in a single cylinder DI diesel engine. Int J Energy Environ 4:279–290

    Google Scholar 

  115. Yoon SH, Lee CK (2011) Experimental investigation on the combustion and exhaust emission characteristics of biogas–biodiesel dual-fuel combustion in a CI engine. Fuel Process Technol 92:992–1000

    Article  Google Scholar 

  116. Kalsi SS, Subramanian KA (2017) Effect of simulated biogas on performance, combustion and emissions characteristics of a bio-diesel fueled diesel engine. Renew Energy 106:78–90

    Article  Google Scholar 

  117. Bari S (1996) Effect of carbondioxide on the performance of biogas/diesel dual-fuel engine. Renew Energy 9(1–4):1007–1010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  118. Barik D, Murugan S (2014) Investigation on combustion performance and emission characteristics of a DI (direct injection) diesel engine fueled with biogas–diesel in dual fuel mode. Energy 72:760–771

    Article  Google Scholar 

  119. Tippayawong N, Promwungkwa A, Rerkkriangkrai P (2007) Long-term operation of a small biogas/diesel dual-fuel engine for on-farm electricity generation. Biosyst Eng 98:26–32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  120. Ambarita H (2017) Performance and emission characteristics of a small diesel engine run in dual-fuel (diesel-biogas) mode. Case Stud Therm Eng 10:179–191

    Article  Google Scholar 

  121. Mahla SK, Singla V, Sandhu SS, Dhir A (2018) Studies on biogas-fuelled compression ignition engine under dual fuel mode. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25(10):9722–9729

    Article  Google Scholar 

  122. Verma S, Das LM, Kaushik SC (2017) Effects of varying composition of biogas on performance and emission characteristics of compression ignition engine using exergy analysis. Energy Convers Manag 138:346–359

    Article  Google Scholar 

  123. Makareviciene V, Sendzikiene E, Pukalskas S, Rimkus A, Vegneris R (2013) Performance and emission characteristics of biogas used in diesel engine operation. Energy Convers Manag 75:224–233

    Article  Google Scholar 

  124. Shan X, Qian Y, Zhu L, Lu X (2016) Effects of EGR rate and hydrogen/carbon monoxide ratio on combustion and emission characteristics of biogas/diesel dual fuel combustion engine. Fuel 181:1050–1057

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The research work reported here is a part of the DST-SERB-sponsored project entitled “Studies on combustion, performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine fuelled with Biodiesel and Biogas” (SB/FTP/ETA-306/2013). The financial support extended in the project is gratefully acknowledged.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University Campus, Hoshiarpur, Punjab, 146001, India

    Sunil Kumar Mahla

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, K.C. College of Engineering and I.T., Nawanshahr, Punjab, India

    Geetesh Goga

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kongju National University, Gongju-si, South Korea

    Haeng Muk Cho

  4. School of Energy and Environment, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India

    Amit Dhir

  5. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, UP, India

    Bhupendra Singh Chauhan

Authors
  1. Sunil Kumar Mahla
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Geetesh Goga
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Haeng Muk Cho
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Amit Dhir
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Bhupendra Singh Chauhan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Sunil Kumar Mahla, Geetesh Goga, Amit Dhir or Bhupendra Singh Chauhan.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Mahla, S.K., Goga, G., Cho, H.M. et al. Separate effect of biodiesel, n-butanol, and biogas on performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine: a review. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 13, 447–469 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-020-01056-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-020-01056-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation