Abstract
The concept of ‘weak measurements’ in quantum physics is a way of ‘cheating’ the Uncertainty Principle. Heisenberg stated (and 85 years of experiments have demonstrated) that it is impossible to know both the position and momentum of a particle with arbitrary precision. More precise measurements of one decrease the precision with which the other can be measured. By ‘sneaking a peak’ at one variable however—conducting a ‘weak measurement’ that does not fully collapse the quantum wavefunction—and combining this with a subsequent strong measurement of the other variable, increased information of better quality can be gathered. By analogy, theories and methodological approaches could conceivably be combined in research in such a way that one does not ‘force [the other] into blindness’ (Bauersfeld 1988). This paper offers a theoretical and metaphorical introduction to an approach. The criteria for judging its value are empirical: does it work? Does it allow research work to be done and conceptualised in ways that are valuable? That evidence will be forthcoming as this approach is adopted and tested.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bauersfeld, H. (1988). Interaction, construction and knowledge: Alternative perspectives for mathematics education. In D. A. Grouws, T. J. Cooney, & D. Jones (Eds.), Perspectives on research on effective mathematics teaching. Reston: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Busch, P., Lahti, P. J., & Mittelstaedt, P. (1996). The quantum theory of measurement. Dordrecht: Springer.
Dressel, J., Malik, M., Miatto, F.M., Jordan, A.N. & Boyd, R.W. (2013). Understanding quantum weak values: basics and applications. arXiv:1305.7154 [quant-ph].
Feyerabend, P. K. (1974). How to be a good empiricist—A plea for tolerance in matters epistemological. In P. H. Nidditch (Ed.), The philosophy of science. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Feyerabend, P. K. (1975). Against method: outline of an anarchistic theory of knowledge. London: New Left Books.
Gage, N. L. (1989). The paradigm wars and their aftermath: a ‘historical’ sketch of research on teaching since 1989. Educational Researcher, 18(7), 4–10.
Geelan, D. R. (1997). Epistemological anarchy and the many forms of constructivism. Science & Education, 6(1–2), 15–28.
Geelan, D. R. (2001). Feyerabend revisited: epistemological anarchy and disciplined eclecticism in educational research. Australian Educational Researcher, 28(1), 129–146.
Geelan, D. R. (2003). The death of theory in educational research. In B. Davis (Ed.), Proceedings of the first conference on complexity science and educational research (pp. 169–185). Edmonton: University of Alberta.
Geelan, D. R. (2004). Weaving narrative nets to capture classrooms: multimethod qualitative approaches for research in education. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Geelan, D. R. (2006). Undead theories: constructivism, eclecticism and research in education. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.
Hall, R. (2012). Mixed methods: In search of a paradigm. In Fan, S., Le, Q., Le, T. & Yue, Y. (Eds). Innovative Research in a changing and challenging world. Australian Multicultural Interaction Institute, Tasmania. http://www.auamii.com/proceedings_Phuket_2012/Hall.pdf. Accessed 30 Jan 2015.
Heisenberg, W. (1927) “Ueber den anschaulichen Inhalt der quantentheoretischen Kinematik and Mechanik” Zeitschrift für Physik 43 172–198. English translation in Wheeler, J.A. and Zurek, W.H. (eds) (1983) Quantum Theory and Measurement (Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press), pp. 62–84.
Johnson, R. B., & Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2004). Mixed methods research: a research paradigm whose time has come. Educational Researcher, 33(7), 14–26.
Kocsis, S., Braverman, B., Ravets, S., Stevens, M. J., Mirin, R. P., Shalm, L. K., & Steinberg, A. M. (2011). Observing the average trajectories of single photons in a two-slit interferometer. Science, 332(6034), 1170–1173. doi:10.1126/science.1202218.
Kuhn, T. S. (1970). The structure of scientific revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Lakatos, I. (1970). Falsifications and the methodology of scientific research programs. In I. Lakatos & A. Musgrave (Eds.), Criticism and the growth of knowledge. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lather, P. (1986). Issues of validity in openly ideological research: between a rock and a soft place. Interchange, 17(4), 63–84.
Lundeen, J. S., Sutherland, B., Patel, A., Stewart, C., & Bamber, C. (2011). Direct measurement of the quantum wavefunction. Nature, 474(7350), 188–191. doi:10.1038/nature10120.
Marton, F. (1988). Phenomenography: exploring different conceptions of reality. In D. M. Fetterman (Ed.), Qualitative approaches to evaluation in education: the silent scientific revolution. New York: Praeger.
Polkinghorne, D. E. (1992). Postmodern epistemology of practice. In S. Kvale (Ed.), Psychology and postmodernism (pp. 146–165). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Popper, K. R. (1965). Conjectures and refutations: the growth of scientific knowledge (2nd ed.). New York: Basic Books.
Popper, K. R. (1968). The logic of scientific discovery. London: Hutchinson.
Symonds, J. & Gorard, S. (2008). The death of mixed methods: research labels and their casualties. Paper presented at the annual conference of the British Educational Research Association, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, September 3–6, 2003. http://www.leeds.ac.uk/educol/documents/174130.pdf. Accessed 30 Jan 2015.
Tashakkori, A., & Teddlie, C. (2003). Handbook of mixed methods in social and behavioral research. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications.
Taylor, A. & Raykov, M. (2014). The long-term outcomes of community service-learning. Edmonton: University of Alberta. http://www.csl.ualberta.ca/en/Research/~/media/Community%20Service%20Learning/Documents/Reports/CSL-TLEF-REPORT-Mar31.pdf. Accessed 30 Jan 2015.
Thomas, G. (2007). Education and theory. Maidenhead: Open University Press.
van Manen, M. (1990). Researching lived experience: human science for an action sensitive pedagogy. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Geelan, D.R. While Heisenberg is not looking: the strength of ‘weak measurements’ in educational research. Aust. Educ. Res. 42, 395–404 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-015-0169-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-015-0169-0