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Synthesis of Plant-Derived Smoke-Mediated Silver Nanoparticles and its Stimulatory Effects on Maize Growth Under Wastewater Stress

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Abstract

Nanomaterials have proven effective and valuable in agriculture, and metallic nanoparticles have been found to have significant biological activities. On the other hand, plant-derived smoke solution is known as a growth regulator. However, there is no literature accessible on the nanoparticles synthesis from plant-derived smoke solutions and its effect on plant growth. This study aimed to synthesize silver nanoparticles from plant smoke-derived (AgNps) and evaluate their stimulatory effect on seed germination and seedling growth of maize under wastewater (industrial effluents) stress. The concentrated aqueous solution of smoke was prepared from Cymbopogon jwarancusa in a closed chamber, followed by its loading into AgNPs by combining silver nitrate (AgNO3) and concentrated plant-derived smoke solution in a closed chamber. The developed plant smoke-loaded AgNPs were characterized for identification using maximum absorption attribute using UV–visible spectroscopy and elemental composition (EDX). The results indicated mixture exhibited a λmax of 433 nm depicting the successful formation of AgNPs. The majority of the synthesized AgNPs exhibited round-to-sphere and square-to-rectangular geometry with an average size of 31 nm. The EDX analysis demonstrated the predominant presence of Ag and Cl ions and some other trace elements; while, XRD results showed a strong peak at 38.2° indicating the nanocrystalline nature of the AgNPs. The vibrational analysis results revealed successful enclosing of smoke probably in the core of AgNPs characterized by the disappearance of smoke signature bands in AgNPs spectra. The characterized nanoparticles (5, 10, and 15 mg L−1) were then used to investigate their effect on seed germination and seedling growth of maize under wastewater treatment as compared with smoke solution (1:500), AgNO3, and control. The results showed that low-concentration of AgNPs (5 mg L−1) significantly increased the germination percentage (80%), length of shoots and roots (18 cm, 16 cm), and fresh and dry weights of root and shoot (0.6,0.45 and 0.3 g, 0.6 g) under wastewater stress (25%) as compared to smoke solution (1:500) (50%), AgNO3 (60%) and control (40%).

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Acknowledgements

The University of Peshawar has been greatly acknowledged for the characterization of NPs.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science & Technology (KUST), Kohat, 26000, Pakistan

    Sadaf Masood,  Ihtisham-UL-Haq, Muhammad Fayyaz & Muhammad Jamil

  2. Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science & Technology (KUST), Kohat, 26000, Pakistan

    Nauman Rahim Khan & Mughal Qayum

  3. Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science & Technology (KUST), Kohat, 26000, Pakistan

    Amna Khatoon

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  1. Sadaf Masood
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Contributions

S.M. performed the experiment, formal analysis, planning, and prepared the original draft; M.J., was involved in conceptualization, and supervision, and helped in review and editing; I.H. and M.F., authors helped in performing the experiments; A.K. and M.Q., authors review the manuscript and provided critical feedback; N.R.K and E.S.R., the author provided critical feedback and verified the statistical methods.

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Correspondence to Muhammad Jamil.

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Masood, S., Ihtisham-UL-Haq, Khan, N.R. et al. Synthesis of Plant-Derived Smoke-Mediated Silver Nanoparticles and its Stimulatory Effects on Maize Growth Under Wastewater Stress. Arab J Sci Eng (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-024-09049-8

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