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Graphene Nanoplatelet Surface Modification for Rheological Properties Enhancement in Drilling Fluid Operations: A Review

  • Review Article-Petroleum Engineering
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Abstract

Drilling fluids are crucial for the safe and effective extraction of hydrocarbons from deep petroleum reserves. Lubricating, suspending, and conveying drilled cuttings to the surface are some of the functions of drilling fluids. Their performance depends on lubricity, fluid loss (FL) control, and rheology. Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged in the oil and gas industry as an efficient fluid additive to modify and stabilize the properties of drilling fluids. NPs are thermally, chemically, and physically stable in drilling fluids; however, field data show they are inefficient at reducing drill string wear. Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) are now a useful drilling fluid agent because of their small particles with high specific surface area, good dispersion, high thermal and electrical stability, and their ability to lower stress and wear on the drill string. Thus, this study examined GNPs in drilling fluids, including surface modification methods and their effects on rheology, FL management, and lubricity. The unique properties of GNPs that make them a potential game-changer in drilling fluid are highlighted. The techniques used to modify GNP surfaces to improve drilling fluid compatibility, stability, and dispersion were also addressed. The broad study of laboratory GNP-modified drilling fluids is the central focus of this review. A scrutiny of the mechanisms by which GNPs influence the rheological behavior of drilling fluids and their impact on drilling efficiency and wellbore stability was also highlighted. Beyond laboratory tests, GNP’s real-world applications and commercialization possibilities were examined, taking economic and environmental considerations into account. Comparative examination of methods and results helps optimize GNP-enhanced drilling fluids. Small concentrations of GNPs (0.1–2.5 g) increased the base fluid lubricity and rheology. They also reduced the FL by 40–89%. Due to hydroxyl groups on clay surfaces, GNP has a strong affinity for organophilic clays. The challenges and limitations of GNP-modified drilling fluids were highlighted, along with future research directions. Finally, using GNPs as a fluid modification agent may improve drilling fluid lubricity, FL control, and rheology. These attributes will improve oil and gas drilling safety and efficiency. This review consolidates information and lays the groundwork for this growing field's study and innovation.

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Abbreviations

API:

American petroleum institute

APTS:

3-Aminopropyl triethoxysilane

CNFs:

Cellulose nanofibers

CNTs:

Carbon nanotubes

CoF:

Coefficient of friction

CTAB:

Cetyl triammonium bromide

CVD:

Chemical vapor deposition

FL:

Fluid loss

FTIR:

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

GNPs:

Graphene nanoplatelets

GS:

Gel strength

HOPG:

Highly oriented pyrolytic graphite

HPHT:

High pressure and high temperature

KOH:

Potassium hydroxide

LPLT:

Low pressure and low temperature

LPE:

Liquid-phase exfoliation

MGNF:

Multilayered graphene nanoflakes

MWCNTs:

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes

MW-PECVD:

Microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition

NDG:

Nitrogen-doped graphene

N2O4 :

Dinitrogen tetroxide

NPs:

Nanoparticles

NS:

Nanosilica

OBM:

Oil-based muds

°C:

Degree celsius

°:

Degrees

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol

PEI:

Polyethylenimine

pH:

Hydrogen potential

PECVD:

Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition

PFLG:

Planar few layer graphene

PV:

Plastic viscosity

SDBS:

Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfate

SDS:

Sodium dodecyl sulfate

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

WBM:

Water-based muds

YP:

Yield point

ZP:

Zeta potential

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support from the Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE), Malaysia, under the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) via reference number FRGS/PV/2022/03075 and Universiti Teknologi Malaysia for the funding under UTM Fundamental Research (UTMFR) (Q.J130000.21A2.06E09; QJI30000.3046.04M20) and the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) (Ref: FRGS/1/2023/TK09/UTM/02/13; FRGS/1/2021/TKO/UTM/02/7). Engr. Dr. Jeffrey Onuoma Oseh is a researcher at UTM under the postdoctoral fellowship scheme for the project “Evaluation of Modified Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles for Rheological and Filtration Properties Modification in Field-Applicable Drilling Muds”.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Petroleum Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia

    Muftahu N. Yahya, M. N. A. Mohd Norddin, Issham Ismail, A. A. A. Rasol, A. R. Risal, Faruk Yakasai, Jeffrey O. Oseh, Eugene N. Ngouangna & Rizwan Younas

  2. Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bayero University, PMB 3011, Kano, Nigeria

    Muftahu N. Yahya & Faruk Yakasai

  3. Malaysia Petroleum Resources Corporation Institute for Oil and Gas (MPRC–UTM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia

    M. N. A. Mohd Norddin, Issham Ismail & Jeffrey O. Oseh

  4. Nanostructured Materials Research Group (NMRG)–MD-Frontier Materials, Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia

    Muftahu N. Yahya & M. N. A. Mohd Norddin

  5. Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, College of Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia

    Norida Ridzuan, Siti Qurratu’ Aini Mahat & Augustine Agi

  6. Centre for Research in Advanced Fluid and Processes (Fluid Centre), Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia

    Augustine Agi

  7. Department of Petroleum Engineering, School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Federal University of Technology, PMB 1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

    Jeffrey O. Oseh

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  1. Muftahu N. Yahya
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Contributions

MNY, MNAMN, and II were involved in the conceptualization; MNY, JOO, and ENN contributed to the methodology; MNY, FY, NR, and SQAM assisted in the formal analysis; MNY and JOO contributed to the investigation; MNAMN, AAAR, and ARR contributed to the resources; MNY, JOO, and RY curated the data; MNY, AA, and JOO assisted in writing—original draft preparation; MNY, JOO, and AAAR were involved in writing—review and editing; MNAMN, AAAR, and ARR acquired the funding.

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Correspondence to M. N. A. Mohd Norddin, Issham Ismail or Jeffrey O. Oseh.

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Yahya, M.N., Norddin, M.N.A.M., Ismail, I. et al. Graphene Nanoplatelet Surface Modification for Rheological Properties Enhancement in Drilling Fluid Operations: A Review. Arab J Sci Eng (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-023-08458-5

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