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Feasibility of Complete Substitution of Petroleum Diesel with Biofuels in Diesel Engines: An Experimental Assessment of Combustion, Performance, and Emissions Characteristics

  • Research Article-Mechanical Engineering
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Abstract

Biodiesel is a good substitute for fossil diesel fuel. However, the high viscosity, low volatility, and poor cold flow properties restrain its use at a high blending ratio or pure in diesel engines. In this regard, blending low-viscosity and high-volatility biofuel with biodiesel is a feasible method to eliminate the disadvantages of biodiesel. It is a cost-effective solution rather than making engine modifications. In this study, the applicability of high-proportion biodiesel (B90) in an existing diesel engine is experimentally investigated by adding methyl acetate and ethyl acetate to biodiesel. An improvement in kinematic viscosity and cold filter plugging point temperature is observed for acetate-added biodiesel fuels. Methyl acetate and ethyl acetate included biofuels result in higher thermal efficiency and lower pollutant emission than sole biodiesel. But their engine performance is still poor compared to diesel fuel. Brake-specific fuel consumption is increased by 24.01–32.29% with acetate-added biodiesel fuels compared to diesel fuel. However, their favorable combustion characteristics increase engine thermal efficiency by up to 3.58% compared to neat biodiesel. CO, HC, NO concentrations, and smoke opacity reduce with acetate-blended biodiesel fuels compared to neat biodiesel. Both methyl acetate and ethyl acetate simultaneously reduce NO emissions and smoke opacity. It is an essential finding of this study, indicating that these oxygenated additives can potentially improve the NOX-PM trade-off in diesel engines.

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Availability of data and materials

The data generated in this current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

D :

Neat diesel fuel

B100:

Neat biodiesel

CI:

Compression ignition

EGT:

Exhaust gas temperature

EA10:

10% Ethyl acetate + 90% biodiesel blend (v/v)

MA10:

10% Methyl acetate + 90% biodiesel blend (v/v)

aTDC:

After the top dead center

bTDC:

Before the top dead center

BSFC:

Brake-specific fuel consumption (kg/kWh)

BSEC:

Brake-specific energy consumption (MJ/kWh)

BTE:

Brake thermal efficiency (%)

CO:

Carbon monoxide

CO2 :

Carbon dioxide

HC:

Hydrocarbon

ICE:

Internal combustion engine

NOX :

Nitrogen oxide

SI:

Spark ignition

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  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Samsun University, Ballica Campus, Tekel Cd., 55420, Ondokuzmayis, Samsun, Turkey

    Abdülvahap Çakmak

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Çakmak, A. Feasibility of Complete Substitution of Petroleum Diesel with Biofuels in Diesel Engines: An Experimental Assessment of Combustion, Performance, and Emissions Characteristics. Arab J Sci Eng 49, 2367–2387 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-023-08252-3

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